Identifying the obstacles of emerging industrialization system scientifically and clarifying the dynamic influence and function path of different obstacles are of great significance to improving the success rate and contribution of emerging industries and industrialization. Based on the Sustainable Transformation (ST) Theory, the process of industrialization of emerging technology going through two gulfs is explained, the obstacles mentioned in the three representative documents through literature analysis, evaluation and interviews summarized and combined. Finally, 20 obstacles to the industrialization of emerging technologies under the ST perspective are identified and divided into three major types:environmental level, supply level and demand level. On the basis of this, it is proposed that, with the disability factors having dynamic characteristics, the matching niche strategy should be adopted in different stages of the emerging technological innovation niche.

The cooling strategy plays an important role during the machining of difficult-to-cut materials, such as titanium alloys. In this work, an oils on water (OoW) cooling was investigated with coated carbide end mills with AlCrN/AlTiSiN coatings during the Ti-6Al-4V alloy machining. Through various amounts of water (1.5, 3 and 4.5 L/h), oil (20, 30, 50 mL/h) and lubricant types (1000-20 and 2000-30 synthetic ester, 2000-10 fatty alcohol), tool wear, cutting force, cutting temperature, the surface roughness and chip morphologies were observed under the OoW cooling condition. The cutting performances were compared for all conditions, where a low amount of water (1.5 L/h) demonstrated significant improvement in the cutting performances of the coated tools, while the lubricants and amount of oil had low effects. The effect of OoW cooling on the cutting performance was also studied in comparison with dry cutting, flood cutting and minimal quantity lubrication with cryogenic air (CAMQL) cooling. For the optimized water amount at 1.5 L/h, the lower tool wear and surface roughness of the machined surface were observed. The wear rate of the coated tool through OoW cooling was also significantly slower compared to dry cutting, flood cutting and CAMQL cooling. The reason for improvement under the OoW cooling condition originated from the improved cooling effect compared to other cooling strategies, due to the excellent combined cooling effect of water and oil lubrication through OoW cooling. In addition, the chip morphology was also observed to be affected by both the cooling strategy and cooling parameters.

In order to provide the parameter basis for the design of the walking energy collector, a method is proposed to study the coupling characteristics of the magnetic actuator of the magnetostrictive material. By observing the law of the angle deflection of the magnetic field, the magnetic coupling characteristics of the magnetostrictive material is studied, the best external magnetic field and the value of stress selected, and the external magnetization produced by the magnetostrictive material calculated. It is found that the increase of external magnetic field is beneficial to the deflection and transition of magnetic domain. However, the stress anisotropy can be detrimental to the magnetization of the giant magnetostrictive material, making the magnetization of the magnetostrictive material more difficult.

The mean-shift test under the log-linear mode is studied. Based on φ-divergence and the minimum φ-divergence estimator, three families of test statistic, which are a generalization of log-likelihood ratio statistic and the Pearson statistic, are proposed. Their asymptotic distribution is presented while they are used to analyze some empirical data. A simulation study is also conducted. And the outcome shows that there are alternatives among these three families of test statistic as good as (or even better than) the log-likelihood ratio statistic and the Pearson statistic under finite sample size.

Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm Based on decomposition (MOEA/D) is an important branch. Achieving balance between convergence and diversity is a key issue in evolutionary multi-objective optimization. There are more or less deficiencies and shortcomings in the mainstream scalarizing functions. When using Tchebycheff to choose individuals, individuals often deviate from the weight and can not combine well with weight. On this basis, a new scalarizing function which improves performance of MOEA/D is presented. The scalarizing function is a quadratic function and its contour line is also a quadratic function (In this paper it is called Hyperbola function method, which is HYB.), which is a generalization to the current scalarizing functions. Comparing with PBI, this algorithm has better convergence and the balance between convergence and diversity is easily obtained. After testing MOKP and series of DTLZ and comparing with other algorithms, HYB is shown to be stable and effective and to improve the speed of convergence.

In order to improve the recommendation performance of latent factor model under the circumstance of data sparseness, a latent factor model with the social regularization and the tag regularization is proposed. According to the user's social network and the item's tag information, the regularization depicting the profiles of the user and the item is designed, and the user rating preferences calculated by using user's history rating of items. These three items are introduced into the objective function of the matrix decomposition to further constrain the objective function. Finally, the gradient descent method is used to optimize the model parameters and get the recommendation result. To verify the efficacy of the proposed method, the model is tested by the Last.fm data set, and the experimental results show that the recommendation algorithm proposed in this study has a better recommendation performance compared with other traditional recommendation algorithms.

With measurement error modeled as the random variables, a general measurement error model is presented. It decomposes the errors into variance and measurement bias. The variance can be further decomposed into measurement variance and sampling variance. The measurement variance is composed with simple measurement variance and correlated measurement variance. The calculation formula and estimation method of the above errors are obtained. According to the most common interviewer effects in survey practice, combined with investigator assignments, it is proposed that the low correlation coefficient of measurement results in repeated surveys is the key to control the correlation measurement variance, and that increasing the sub-sample interviewers can effectively reduce investigator variance.

Because of flexible shooting mode, the relative geometric deformation between images, one of the main problems of close-range photogrammetry is same name point matching. The SIFT, SURF, FAST + BRIEF, ORB were used to detect and describe the feature points of close-range images under different scenes and photography conditions. The BFMatch and FlannMatch methods were used to match the feature points. Experiments show that the longer the algorithm is, the better the matching result is. SIFT and SURF are both suitable for automatic generation of high-precision connection points. FAST + BRIEF and ORB can be used for stereo image matching with small relative geometric deformation.

Taking the Lijiao Metro Station in Line 3 of Guangzhou Metro as an example, the smoke control efficiency of the air curtain with different characteristic parameters (thickness, jet velocity and jet angle) is studied by FDS. The distinctions of smoke spread, temperature profile and visibility between different simulated scenarios are observed by comparing the numerical simulation results. The suitable range of parameters of the air curtain for the metro is determined.

Joint energy and spectrum cooperative allocation in the downlink is investigated for multiple adjacent cells equipped with energy harvesting base stations. In particular, the joint maximization of the users' utilities and the base stations' revenues in multiple adjacent cells is considered. The users' choice of cells is a key step in the resource allocation process. Since each user has multiple options to join adjacent cells, the optimal method of solving the sum-utility maximizing energy and spectrum allocation problem is the exhaustive search, which finds the best solution among all possible sets of user choices and has high complexity. A computation-efficient suboptimal method of deciding which user can choose the appropriate cell to join is proposed based on the channel gain ratio selection. When the users' choices are fixed, the energy and spectrum allocation problems can be matched with the framework of a generalized Stackelberg game, and can be solved. At the same time, two kinds of reference methods, the maximum channel gain selection method and shortest distance selection method, are proposed based on the channel gain ratio selection. Simulation results have shown that the proposed method has better utility and revenue performances than maximum channel gain selection and shortest distance selection method.

A reasonable maintenance program made combining with the bridge deterioration model can effectively reduce the maintenance cost and improve the efficiency of maintenance. The bridge deterioration model is applied based on reliability index. With the bridge condition as boundary condition, andthe maintenance cost minimized in the whole service life as constraint condition, the optimal bridge maintenance strategyis obtained. Agenetic algorithm (GA) is applied to optimize the steel girder maintenance strategy of Haihuang Bridge. The result shows the feasibility of the method.

Urban floods can cause severe damage to vehicles, and disruption to transportation systems and people's life. Vulnerability analysis of urban traffic system and route selection and optimization under flooding circumstance require more public attention and academic research. An SWMM-based hydrodynamic model is introduced, integrated with the Dijkstra best-route algorithm, for assessing urban flood-prone areas and the related impacts on traffic system, as well as the selection of best traffic route in the flooding context. This method is capable of incorporating the SWMM flooding simulation results into urban transportation network model. Based on indications of overloaded manholes and pipes, our tool employs the Dijkstra algorithm to dynamically avoid the flooding paths. The method fully integrates flooding simulation capabilities and route analysis techniques and has several advances, including a powerful spatial analysis function and an efficient planning and query function. Our tool can be used as a support for flooding traffic alert and emergency system, and has important practical implications for urban traffic management.

The mineral composition and internal structure are the key factors in the determination of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the soft soil, and the variation of pore size and shape is obvious with the changes of soil properties. In order to investigate the microstructure and fractal characteristics of soft clay during the triaxial consolidated undrained shearing process, a lot of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of soft clay at different strain rates and strain stages were acquired. The equivalent pore size and fractal dimension of the soft soil were calculated. The results show that the particles and pores of soft clay have obvious fractal dimension characteristics while soft clay has the agglomerate-flocculation microstructure. The pores of soft clay before and after triaxial test are dominated by small pore size and medium pore size, and the large pore size distribution is less, which mainly exists in the undisturbed soil or the sheared soil. Soft clay has strain threshold affecting pore size distribution with strain rate in the shear process. With obvious fractal characteristics, the fractal dimension values (FDV) of pores varying from 1.891 to 1.750, the fractal dimension values of particles from 1.825 to 1.908, the FDV of particles increase and the FDV of pores decrease during the triaxial consolidated undrained shearing process, the size and shape of pores being relatively obvious.

In order to obtain the temperature properties and heat generation behaviors about different levels of power batteries and provide theoretical guidance for practical industry application, the well-known import and domestic(Type A and Type B)18650 lithium iron phosphate power batteries with the similar technical parameters were selected for researching the heat generation behaviors and electrochemical properties with various discharge rates under different working conditions, including room temperature (25℃) and ultra-low temperature (-20℃) and higher temperature (55℃). The discharge capacity, discharge voltage platform, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were conducted and analyzed. The impact of different states of charge (SOC) on internal resistance after overcharge cycles was summarized. Testing results indicate that the higher the ambient temperature and the discharge current, the higher the maximum temperature and temperature rise gradient. Compared with Type A battery, peak temperature of Type B increased by 13.2% at room temperature with 10 C discharge current. What is worse, Type B battery only emits 2.65% of the nominal capacity with 3 C discharge rate and nearly loses the normal discharge voltage platform under ultra-low condition. The internal resistance decreased with the SOC increase, which increased by 24.19% caused by the overcharge operations.

An on-board refueling vapor recovery (ORVR) system that meets the emission limits of China VI regulation is tested with three refueling emission experiments respectively with OPW refueling gun and ZVA refueling gun, and data of flow of air pipe, flow of circulation pipe, tank pressure and canister weight increments are collected. The results show that the flow of air pipe, flow of circulation pipe, tank pressure and canister weight increments of ZVA refueling gun are less than those of OPW refueling gun when refueling. In the China VI fuel system development process, while adjusting the aperture of flow-limiting valve on circulation pipe as well as calibrating the canister purge, the effect of different refueling guns should be considered.

A novel evaporator with a vapor-liquid separation is proposed. It can control quality of refrigerants by vapor-liquid separation that is accomplished by the baffle with small holes in the heads. A steady model of the vapor-liquid separation evaporator is established. The calculated heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop are verified by experiments with errors within ±30%. The effect of tube arrangements on the thermodynamic performance of the evaporator is analyzed by this program. The results show that the effect is significant.

A new biocompatible, porous, high conductive and low-cost electrode, carbonized waste cotton textiles (CCTs) was developed as anode electrode materials for membraneless microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The CCTs are characterized by using Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The results show that the CCT-1000 electrode provides a low electrical resistivity (7.56 Ω·sq^-1) and a large surface area (209.64 m²·g^-1) for bacterial growth, hence greatly increasing the loading amount of bacterial cells and facilitating the extracellar electron transfer (EET). The MFC using the CCT-1000 anode delivers a power output of 738±20 mW·m^-2, which is 43% higher than that of commercial carbon felt anode with the same configuration and non-catalyst modification. Moreover, making full use of the cheap electrode and membraneless configuration can greatly reduce cost of MFCs.

To study the effect of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) on the flowability, cohesiveness and strength of cement paste, 30 mixes of cement paste samples with different water/cementitious material ratios and different GGBS contents were measured. To reveal the flowability mechanism of GGBS cement paste, the packing density of 5 different cementitious mixes with various GGBS content was measured. The water film thickness of each cement paste mix was calculated based on the packing density test, and the effect of water film thickness on the flowability of GGBS cement paste was discussed. Results demonstrated that addition of moderate GGBS could increase the flowability and compressive strength, but impair the cohesiveness. The best overall performance of cement paste occurs when 5% GGBS is added. The addition of GGBS had positive effect on packing density of cementitious materials. The water film thickness is the major governing factor of flowability of GGBS cement paste, and the flowability of cement paste increases with the increase of water film thickness.