应用于射频能量收集的宽动态范围整流电路设计

    Design of a Wide Dynamic Range Rectifier for Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting

    • 摘要: 基于40 nm互补金属氧化物半导体(Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor, CMOS) 工艺,设计了一款宽动态范围整流电路芯片。该整流电路采用了泄漏电流抑制技术和动态偏置技术,以提高整流电路的功率转换效率(Power Conversion Efficiency, PCE) 和功率动态范围。引入的动态体偏置技术使P型金属氧化物半导体(P-type Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor,PMOS) 晶体管以动态阈值电压运行,实现了提高整流电路的灵敏度并降低反向泄漏电流的作用。设计的正/负电压偏置网络为每个金属氧化物半导体(Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor,MOS) 晶体管提供独立栅极偏置,能自适应输入功率提供偏置电压,在高功率条件下进一步降低泄漏电流,从而拓宽了整流电路的动态范围。在输入/输出端口设计了全N型金属氧化物半导体(N-type Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor,NMOS) 泄漏电流抑制结构,有助于降低泄漏电流并提高整流电路的电流驱动能力。该整流电路芯片的核心版图尺寸为94 μm × 80 μm。芯片实际测试结果显示,在900 MHz工作频率、150 kΩ负载条件下,该整流电路实现了81.5%的峰值功率转换效率,在PCE > 40%以上的动态范围达到了15.7 dB,相较传统整流电路提升6.7 dB。

       

      Abstract: Based on a 40 nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process, a wide dynamic range rectifier circuit chip is designed. The rectifier employs leakage current suppression and dynamic biasing techniques to enhance both power conversion efficiency (PCE) and input power dynamic range. A dynamic body-biasing technique is introduced, enabling P-type metal-oxide-semiconductor (PMOS) transistors to operate with a dynamically adjusted threshold voltage, thereby improving sensitivity and reducing reverse leakage current. A dedicated positive/negative voltage biasing network provides independent gate bias for each metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) transistor, adaptively generating bias voltages according to the input power level and further suppressing leakage under high-power conditions, which effectively extends the dynamic range. Additionally, a fully N-type metal-oxide-semiconductor (NMOS) leakage suppression structure is implemented at the input/output ports to reduce leakage current and enhance current drive capability. The core layout of the chip occupies an area of 94 μm × 80 μm. Measured results show that, at 900 MHz and with a 150 kΩ load, the rectifier achieves a peak PCE of 81.5%, and a dynamic range of 15.7 dB for PCE above 40%, representing a 6.7 dB improvement over conventional rectifier circuits.

       

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