Abstract: As an important component of national spatial resources, the low-altitude resources has been profoundly reshaping the spatial patterns of urban and rural areas and the lifestyles of residents. From the perspective of spatial heterogeneity, the key points of low-altitude planning are interpreted through a literature review. Firstly, it reviews the research process of domestic low-altitude planning through CiteSpace software, and the research finds that the “human-land-air” integrated low-altitude planning lacks consideration of the heterogeneity of regional space. Therefore, this paper constructs a four-dimensional analysis framework covering “characteristic analysis - spatial planning - implementation and management - methods and technologies” for different types of regional spaces such as regions, cities (new and old urban areas), and rural areas, and proposes that the response of urban and rural planning to the low-altitude economy is a differentiated and precise process. Finally, it explores new research directions for the low-altitude economy from the perspective of urban and rural planning. This paper provides theoretical insights and policy implications for constructing an adaptive low-altitude economic spatial planning system.