In order to assist the innovative design of the generator product and improve its design efficiency, an extension innovation method is applied to the innovative design of the generator, and the general process and steps of its design given. Starting from the shortcomings of generators, the design objectives are set up, and the basic models of design objectives are established. The functions, principles and structures of the generators are analyzed, and the basic models of the primary generators established and the new ideas of multiple generators obtained by using the extended analysis and extension transformation methods. Finally, through the superiority evaluation and patent inquiry, better and effective design ideas are obtained, and then concretely translated into innovative design schemes. Taking a typical DC generator as an example, many effective new product design ideas are obtained and concretely translated into innovative design schemes. Experiments verify its feasibility and effectiveness, and it has a broad application prospect.

As for how to effectively avoid the risk of patent infringement while making breakthroughs in product development and innovation, firstly, the target patents are comprehensively and accurately determined, and the clear components and ambiguous components in the patent technology features are effectively extracted, according to the product development needs. Secondly, a component analysis is used to determine the component level, determining the function and type between components, and performing functional modeling of the product. Then, combined with the trimming strategy, the model of functional modeling is pruned, and after the innovative scheme with less risk of infringement is obtained, the secondary problem of the scheme is converted into the TRIZ standard problem, and an improved innovative scheme formed by solving. Finally, the infringement judgment principle and method are used to determine whether the combination scheme has the risk of infringement. By summarizing and optimizing the existing evasive methods, an innovative evasion method is obtained based on TRIZ, with the high-efficiency multilateral bending machine as the research object. The scheme obtained by the method is judged to have no risk of infringement. In fact, this method has reference and guiding significance for product innovation and patent evasion design in different industry fields.

For evaluating the heat dissipation properties of different battery thermal management systems (BTMS), three cooling technologies containing natural convection, phase change materials (PCM) and PCM/low fins were applied in the ternary power battery module. Furthermore, relative experiments at different discharge rates and charge-discharge cycles under room/high temperature (25℃/45℃) were carried out to compare the temperature change principles, heat generation rate and temperature increasing gradient. Ultimately, peak temperature and the maximum temperature difference during the overall discharge process were deeply assessed to investigate the influence of diverse heat dissipation medium on operation safety. Testing results indicate that no matter under high discharge rate or large current charge-discharge cycle conditions under room and higher temperature environment, the battery module adopting PCM/heat-conducting fins cooling method through the heat dissipation of negative, positive locations and surrounding surfaces area, exhibits an outstanding ability to cool down as soon as possible and stretch the temperature, accompanying with the peak temperature uniformity within 5℃, and further meeting the temperature consistency requirements of the power battery modules.

The Ca atom decorated g-C₃N₄ (Ca-C₃N₄) is demonstrated to exhibit a high capacity to store hydrogen, by using the first-principles calculations. The enhanced adsorption energy of H to Ca-C₃N₄ is mainly attributed to the strong chemical adsorption between H-1s and Ca-1s orbitals and the hybridization of H-1s and Ca-3d orbitals. The polarization between Ca and C₃N₄ exhibits good modulation under the external electric field, which plays an important role in H adsorption and release. Our theoretical results may provide a practical route to improving the hydrogen storage of g-C₃N₄ by suitable metal atoms decorating.

In order to explore a new type of red phosphor, Eu³⁺ doped NASICON structure-based phosphors Na₃Si₂PO₁₂:Eu³⁺ were prepared by high temperature solid phase method in air atmosphere. The crystal structure and optical properties of the samples were systematically studied by X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence lifetime decay curve and quantum efficiency. The results demonstrate that XRD patterns confirm the pure phase of Na₃Zr₂Si₂PO₁₂:Eu³⁺ phosphor as obtained, since not any excess peaks can be found in XRD patterns and Eu³⁺ doping does not change the crystal structure of Na₃Zr₂Si₂PO₁₂ host. Eu³⁺ doping ensures the red emission at 618 nm under the excitation at UV light. An optimized doping concentration of Eu³⁺ is 24%, while the quenching mechanism beyond the doping concentration at 24% is electric quadrupole-electric quadrupole interaction according to Rexter Theory. The highest internal and external quantum efficiencies are 61% and 15%, respectively; furthermore, the luminescence quenching can be suppressed even at 150℃, depending on a high internal quantum efficiency about 50%. It is packaged into an LED lamp with a color rendering index of 79.4. Therefore, Eu³⁺ doped Na₃Zr₂Si₂PO₁₂ is expected to be used as a new type of red phosphor for white LEDs.

In order to study new rare earth ion doped chromaticity phosphors, a color-tunable phosphor based on Dy³⁺/Eu³⁺ co-doped ZnNb₂O₆ were synthesized by a traditional solid-state reaction method. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), photoluminescence spectra and decay curves were utilized to characterize the as-prepared phosphors. The ZnNb₂O₆ host was proved to be a self-activated phosphor with broad absorption range from 200 to 550 nm. The color coordinate (x, y) values of ZnNb₂O₆:0.08Dy³⁺ and ZnNb₂O₆:0.08Dy³⁺, 0.03Eu³⁺ phosphors were already very close to the standard white light (0.33, 0.33). Therefore, Dy³⁺ was selected as the sensitizer ion and red component from Eu³⁺ adjusted to control the emission color. The energy transfer from Dy³⁺ to Eu³⁺ was confirmed based on the luminescence spectra and decay curves. Furthermore, the energy transfer mechanism was deduced to be the dipole-quadrupole interaction. In general, the ZnNb₂O₆:0.08Dy³⁺, yEu³⁺ phosphors obtained may have potential application in the ultraviolet pumped white light sources and display devices etc.

Multi-functional ferroelectric materials are the major topic of discussion in recent years. In order to study the photocatalytic property of ferroelectric materials, BiFeO₃ and Bi_1-xY_xFeO₃ nanostructure were prepared by sol-gel method. The crystal structure, morphology, chemical composition and other physiochemical properties of the samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In addition, the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and photochemical reactions instrument were applied to study the absorption and the photocatalytic property of the samples. The results show that doping of Y³⁺ can reduce the grain size and the forbidden band gap without changing the lattice structure. Also, according to the fitting analysis of XPS narrow spectrum of O 1s, it is found that the content of oxygen vacancies were increased after Y³⁺ doping. The oxygen vacancies can reduce the recombination rate of hole-electron pairs so that the utilization of carriers is improved. Therefore, the doping of Y³⁺ can increase the photocatalytic efficiency of BiFeO₃, and it can be a promising photocatalytic material.

Microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is an emerging environmentally friendly foundation reinforcement technology that requires the consumption of a large number of chemical analysis-grade reagents, such as urea, calcium salts, etc., which have certain adverse effects on the environment. Based on the idea of utilizing waste resources, oyster shells from kitchen waste were selected as calcium sources of MICP solidified sandy soil and compared with chemical calcium sources such as calcium nitrate and calcium chloride. Through unconfined compressive strength test, permeability test, calcium carbonate content test, dry density test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the feasibility of oyster shells as calcium source of MICP solidified sand was discussed. The experimental results show that the MICP solidified sand column with raw clam shells as the calcium source has the largest average pore size, but the lowest apparent porosity, and the physical strength indexes such as unconfined compressive strength, permeability coefficient, calcium carbonate content and dry density are all higher than chemical calcium. SEM test results show that different calcium source solidified sand column sand particles have calcium carbonate precipitation on the surface, and the calcium carbonate precipitated crystal obtained from the raw clam shell calcium source has a relatively fine surface with a small pore shape; and nitric acid obtained from calcium carbonate precipitate is in a cluster of polygonal angles between the spherical and prismatic bodies; and calcium chloride obtained from calcium carbonate precipitate exhibits clusters in which the particles are interlaced with each other.

In order to reduce the impact of road traffic load on the low-frequency vibration of the underground space structure of the Panyu Wanbo Business Center in Guangzhou, a new type of vibration isolation road with steel spring floating slab was developed. 3-D finite element models of steel spring floating slab, underground space, floating slab and underground space structure were established by using ANSYS software. A modal analysis of these three different structures was carried out, and transmission ratio further studied. The results showed that:the fundamental frequency of floating slab road is 8.69 Hz; the fundamental frequency of the underground space is 15.69 Hz; the fundamental frequency of the floating slab and underground space structure is 7.33 Hz; the vibration modal of floating slab was mainly in the form of low frequency, and the vibration modal of roof in the underground space mainly in the form of medium and high frequency; the peak value of transmission ratio of the three structures occurred near the first natural frequency, and the ground frequency was mainly in the form of vibration. The maximum transmission ratio of the lower space structure was 0.878 when the steel spring floating slab was added. Steel spring floating slab road had good effects of vibration reduction and isolation.

Anisotropy is a general property of geomaterials, and transverse isotropy is the most common form of geotechnical anisotropy. Therefore, in the true triaxial test, the direction of the principal stress is different under different loading directions. The study of the constitutive properties of the different angles formed between the particle deposition directions is significant. Under the conditions of effective confining pressure of 200 kPa and medium principal stress coefficient of 0, 0.5 and 1, different sampling methods were used to conduct the drainage shear test of saturated coarse sand with α angles of 0°, 60° and 90° respectively, combined with experimental data to explore its stress strain and dilatancy characteristics. Finally, the criticality states under different alpha angles are analyzed.

Laboratories with air-conditioning system in hot and humid areas consume much more air-conditioning energy than conventional public buildings. One of the most important reasons is that energy consumption from air-conditioning fresh air, caused by exhaust air, accounts for a large proportion of air-conditioning energy consumption in the laboratories in hot and humid areas. An independent fresh air-supplementary air system is proposed to minimize the fresh air volume and load from fresh air in the laboratories, and the energy saving effect of this system is analyzed in combination with a practical case. The results show that the energy saving rate of the "multi-split air conditioner + divided function fresh air-supplementary air" air-conditioning system based on the divided function design is up to 65.6%, compared with the conventional "multi-split air conditioner + fresh air" air-conditioning system.

The working fluid is the carrier of energy conversion in the organic Rankine cycle (ORC), and its matching with the cold and heat sources directly affects the performance of the ORC system. While the existing working fluid provides a limited improvement for the performance of the ORC system, the design of the novel working fluid is very important for improving the performance of the ORC. The modeling and solving method based on computer-aided molecular design (CAMD) for working fluid design and ORC system is simultaneously optimized, and the traditional CAMD model is improved. A mixed integer nonlinear mathematical programming (MINLP) model with the maximum output net power of ORC system as the optimization target is established, and the solving strategy is proposed. Based on 9 basic elements, 37 groups are selected and applied to the established simultaneous optimization model. The optimal working fluids under the conditions of heat source range of 353.15~463.15 K and cold source range of 293.15~298.15 K are obtained and compared with existing working fluids. The comparisons of net power by ORC show that the novel working fluid is 12.46% higher than the existing working fluids. A sensitivity analysis is performed on the thermodynamic properties such as critical temperature, critical pressure, boiling point temperature, specific heat capacity, density and relative molecular mass involved in calculating the ORC cycle performance.

The maximization of the strong user rate in the cooperative relaying system using non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system with wireless power transfer is studied. By transforming the non-convex optimization problem into the convex one, the optimization results of the strong user rate are obtained by MATLAB simulation. The results show that:1) the strong user rate of this NOMA system increases with the increasing of the transmit power from the source node; 2) compared with traditional time-division multiple access (TDMA) system, the strong user rate performance of NOMA system obviously outperforms that of TDMA system.

In view of the problem of positional oscillation and speed overshoot in the position control mode of multi-rotor UAV landing, the speed control method is adopted to land and a complete closed-loop speed control system constructed for precise landing. Firstly, the overall framework of UAV precise landing speed control system is established; secondly, the coordinate system of UAV landing and the transformation between coordinate systems are constructed; then, the outer-loop speed PID(Proportion-Integral-Derivative) control system and the fuzzy adaptive speed PID control system are designed; and finally, the performance tests and comparative experiments of the two control systems are carried out. The results show that the UAV can successfully land on the ground target under these two control systems, and the fuzzy adaptive speed PID control system has a higher landing accuracy, which is less than 0.13 meters. It can be seen that the multi-rotor UAV has realized the autonomous precise landing by adopting the fuzzy adaptive speed PID control system.

The new R&D institution has the status of an independent legal person, which is essentially an inevitable requirement for its independence of other organizations to achieve its own sustainable and high-quality development. However, as a new type of research and development institution of the "test field" of the science and technology system, there are currently three different legal person qualifications of institutions, enterprises and private non-enterprises. The unidentified identification makes it impossible to find a suitable location in the existing science and technology system in China, which causes misplacement of the existing law and the function of the new R&D institutions, and thus the new R&D institutions cannot be guaranteed as an important technological innovation force to promote innovation-driven development. Therefore, from the perspective of the development of new R&D institutions and the enhancement of national scientific and technological innovation capabilities, the development direction of the legal person attributes of new R&D institutions is speculated and expounded, clarifying the functional orientation in China's science and technology system, and providing reference for the government to improve relevant supporting laws and regulations.