Social network is a relatively stable relation system formed by the interaction among social individuals. It pays attention to the interactions and relations among peoples. The social interactions can influence peoples social behaviors. Extenics is a new discipline founded by Chinese. Its logical cell is basicelement. Through the formalized research for affair, matter and relation, the informationknowledgestrategy formalized system, extension analysis methods, conjugate analysis methods, extension transformation methods and superiority evaluation method are set up. We explore strategies generating methods to solve contradictory problems by taking extension set and dependent function as quantificational tools. This article applies extension theory and extension innovation methods to the research of social network structure. Firstly, we structure a basicelement net for social network, then analyze society and evaluate social network by using basicelements analysis, transformations and evaluating methods. Therefore we can recognize social network from the angle of combining qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis. It can provide a new and operable method for putting up social structure research with computer and network technology, and accordingly establish a social structure research method.

The feather piece is  one of the essential materials to assemble badminton. Badminton assembled with different feather pieces is different in aerodynamic force, which affects the flying rotary dynamic stability of badminton and the accuracy of the placement. It presents an aerodynamic model for the feather piece of badminton. Combined with the knowledge of fluid mechanics and Bernoulli's principle and the experience formula for the straight length of a feather with different camber, it provides a calculation formula for the influence on badminton aerodynamic force of different factors such as camber, length, angle of attack and installation angle of the feather. The experimental results comply with the simulation results.

The phase separation characteristics of gas-liquid separation headers with porous baffle were investigated at various air flow rates and water flow rates. The effective separation interval was obtained. In the effective separation interval, the better operating condition was that the air flow rate was more than 5.9 m/s while the water flow rate was less than 0.015 m/s. Within these working conditions, the water seepage flow rate was 0.04~0.4 g/s, and the separation efficiency was more than 99%. The influence of working conditions on liquid film height and the influence of inlet velocity on dimensionless coefficients were analyzed．The dimensionless formula for predicting the separating efficiency of gas-liquid separation headers with porous baffle was obtained．The experiential relation of separation efficiency was obtained, benefiting the experiments．

With the increasing complexity of enterprise management activities, the relationship flow between the internal elements of enterprises changes dynamically over time in the process of achieving the overall function. Therefore, the time factor has to be considered in the study of the structure of enterprise management systems. From the perspective of system functions, the time factor was introduced into the relationship flow equation of the general system structure theory, and then five basic structures of enterprise management systems were defined in mathematics, based on the category description of relationships between the elements of the enterprise management system. So, the research of the structure can lay a theoretical foundation for further study of the operation mechanism of a complex management system composed of several basic structure systems.

Natural disasters injure people and damage property. Because the weather is related to many factors, it is difficult to forecast accurately the disastrous weather. Based on multiclassifiers, a cooperative data mining method is proposed. A cooperative classification model is designed and implemented, which is composed of base classifiers and an integration classifier. The model is used to mine local area meteorological data. Experimental results show that the model has high classification accuracy and efficient ability.

Via the analysis of the structure of networked control systems, it presents the linear mathematic model with stochastic delay and packet losses. Based on the model, the stochastic control problem with quadratic criteria of the networked control systems was analyzed. The expressions of optimal gain and optimal performance index were given. Ultimately, the stochastic control effect of networked control systems with delay and different probability of packet losses rate were compared by simulation. The simulation results of Matlab show the effectiveness of the stochastic control algorithm and the range of the critical value of the packet loss rate.

In order to avoid local optimum of Mamdani model parameter optimization, a novel algorithm for Mamdani neural network was proposed. The initial parameters of Mamdani Fuzzy Neural Network(FNN) were generated by Fuzzy Cmeans clustering, based on PSO, and then optimized by using PSO. Finally, Gradient descent method was adopted for further optimizing the parameters so that the fuzzy rules could be automatically adjusted, modified and improved. Numerical experiments show that the presented algorithm improves the approximation ability of Mamdani FNN.

In order to make full use of the optimal individual information, referring to thought of drift and wave to design the new crossover and mutation operator, it proposes a new genetic algorithm; The new algorithm uses the chaotic strategy for processing infeasible individuals, with the new operator combined with optimal individual information, so it has the capability of global search and local search. Simulation experiments show that the new algorithm can improve the algorithm convergence speed and accuracy, and that the proposed method is effective and feasible.

Considering the low convergence speed of the standard gravitational algorithm, and its being stalled easily in the evolutionary process, it proposes the gravitational algorithm, based on the optimal mutation. A mutation operator was introduced, which made it possible for the algorithm to escape from local optima, thus accelerating the convergence speed. A constraint handling mechanism was proposed for the infeasible mass after mutation. The simulation results show that the new algorithm not only has better ability of optimization, but also improves to some extent the stability. It is an effective algorithm.

A set of matrices is said to have the finiteness property if the maximal rate of growth of long products of matrices taken from the set can be obtained by a periodic product. It studies the finite-step realization of the joint/generalized spectral radius of a pair of real square matrices. If S={S_1,S₂}  where S_1,S₂ are  n×n matrices and S₁=(a_ij) with a_ij≥0 and S₂ is similar to a diagonal matrix whose nonzero elements have the same sign, S has the finiteness property.

For a cluster of maximal monotone mappings, Hausdorff continuity of themselves and their domain were constructed. The multi-valued mappings were transformed into single-valued mappings by means of their Yosida approximation, the homotopy invariance of Brouwer degree was used to approach its topological degree with the degree of its Yosida approximation, and the homotopy invariance of the degree for the cluster of maximal monotone mappings was obtained. Besides, some basic  properties of the topological degree for the cluster of maximal monotone mappings as defined above were obtained. Similarly, under some additional assumptions, a theorem was derived about the homotopy invariance of the degree for the sum of two maximal monotone mappings.

It summarized the principles and steps of existing typical carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation algorithms over timevarying frequencyselective channels in the OFDM system, compared these algorithms through simulation of the CFO estimation performance, and analyzed their advantages and disadvantages. The research provides a useful reference for further studies of frequency synchronization in future.

Because the SAR image has rich texture and a lot of noise, the traditional SURF operator is not ideal for the detection of target interest points on the SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar) image, and it has poor adaptability to interest point detection and a large number of useless feature points, so that the target matching success rate decreases, It proposes a new SAR image matching algorithm which integrates CFAR with SURF. The mixed Gauss model CFAR was  used for the detection of target interest regions, and the SURF operator was used to detect feature extraction. Finally, the improved multilayer elimination method was used for matching feature points. The simulation results show that the proposed method has a high matching rate and good robustness when the scale, rotation and noise vary.

In view of the present marine airbags pressure monitoring method of using only the mechanical pressure gauge, it presents the design of a new wireless network gas pressure acquisition system, based on ZigBee, to monitor marine airbag pressure status. Functionally, the acquisition system can be divided into three parts: the collector, the repeater and the sensor node respectively. The system's hardware structure design was mainly based on the Texas Instrument's ZigBee chip CC2530 and Freescales gas pressure sensor MPX5700. The software design was based on the Z-Stack 2007 protocol of Texas Instrument. The test result shows that the system can function with great reliability, thus meeting the requirements for its design and application.

Extracting the center of a light stripe is one of the key techniques of the linear structured light for threedimensional (3D) visual measurement. According to the influence of the accuracy in extracting the light stripe centers, the four key factors, which are the work environment, laser planes, measured objects and image acquisition systems, are summed up and analyzed. On the basis of the differences between the use of the image information and the characteristics of the calculated algorithms in the extraction methods, a new idea is proposed that they are classified into two different methods, which are the geometrical center method and the energy center method. Based on the differences between the two methods in algorithm thoughts, merits and demerits, ways of improvement, applicable conditions, they are subclassified, compared, analyzed and summarized. At last, with the developing features of the two methods combined, it proposes the development trend of the light stripe extraction method.

It introduces a new type of double radio frequency low noise amplifier circuits with the function of switching between inner and outer antenna using GPS L₁、L₂ band & GLONASS G₁、G₂ band. The low noise amplifier circuit structure was improved, and the amount of restraint outside the band increased obviously, making it have better ability to resist interference. The new type of circuits had the function of switching between inner and outer antenna to avoid the influence of the outer antenna port interface on the signals of the inner antenna. The simulation results show that this new type of double radio frequency low noise amplifier circuits have low noise figure, high gain flatness and the ability of out-of-band rejection. The circuits stability is good. A circuit sample was made, and then the debugging and testing were carried out. The main technical parameters of the measured results are in agreement with the simulation ones. The new type of double radio frequency low noise amplifier circuits have good characteristics. The sample circuit structure is compact, and the occupancy of PCB board area is lesser, which is very suitable for hand-held high precision positioning receivers.

The energy consumption of an OOK transmitter was analyzed. A simple and energy efficient source coded ME-Coding On/Off Keying modulation scheme for wireless application was presented. The SNR performance of ME-Coding OOK was better than other modulation methods in a bit low rate. However, when the circuit energy consumption is taken into account, the simulation results demonstrate that the total energy consumption of the classical system model can not be reduced. It proposes a new system model which matches the ME-coding OOK communication to get the total energy optimization. 

Using simulation and experiment methods, a compact, coplanar, and cover all the operating bands of 2.4/5.2/5.8/GHz WLAN and 2.5/3.5/5.5GHz WiMAX systems of laptop antenna were designed. The antenna adopts coupling feed mode, by adjusting the size of the rectangular radiating surface and L-typed structure, and the dimension of the slotcoupling to arouse the resonant frequency of 25GHz and 55GHz; through cutting a U-shaped slit in the L-type radiation surface to achieve the resonance point of 3.5GHz, the length of the U-shaped is 1/4λ at the resonance point of about 4GHz. The antenna shows an entire area is only 7.5 mm× 17.5 mm (not including the system ground plane). In the procedure of design, through changing the gaps between the rectangular and L-shaped radiator can adjust the strength of the resonance point, but also realize the matching of input and output impedance. When mounted at the top edge of the display panel in the laptops, three wide operating bands for covering all the desired operating bands of WLAN/WiMAX systems are obtained and the antenna has a good radiation characteristics. The optimizations by using the simulator software Ansoft HFSS were performed, and an actual model has been prototyped for experimental measurements, the measured and simulated results are in good agreement.

Vibration responses of bridge structures in pedestrian moving loads have been a commonality and hot issues for footbridge design, especially for largespan bridges. Vibration control using MTMD for largespan suspension footbridges in pedestrian moving loads was focused in this study. The frequencyamplitude function of the bridgeMTMD system was derived based on the frequencydomain analysis method. Parameter optimizations of the MTMD, such as number, frequency bandwidth and damping ratio, were also conducted according to the frequency-amplitude function. And then, the vibration responses and control effects of the bridgeMTMD system in different pedestrian moving loads were discussed in detail. The results show that the bridge responses increase gradually with increasing of the number of the samerhythm pedestrians, and also with closing between the bridge and pedestrian frequencies. The optimized MTMD can ensure reliable and stable control for the vibration responses of the suspension bridge in wider frequency range. The safety and comfort of the large-span suspension footbridge in pedestrian moving loads can be well guaranteed using the MTMD technology.

The rapid development of FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer) technology makes it possible to build new pedestrian bridges for public and industrial use. Pedestrian bridges constructed with FRP have the advantages of rapid installation, light weight, corrosion resistance and convenient maintenance. Strength and deflection simulations were studied by using finite element software ANSYS, based on the Swiss FRP structural TSCB pedestrian bridge. The Tsai-Wu failure criteria was used to determine the failure damage of the FRP composite material. The vertical largest deflection was simulated and studied under maximum pedestrian load. The strength and deformation analysis provides safety reference for the design of TSCB pedestrian bridges.

The two central issues during the process of pit excavation are the adverse effects brought up by excavationinduced soil deformation on adjacent piers, and the additional stress, displacement and bend moment of pile foundation caused by the interaction between pile foundation and earth. With reference to engineering projects, the 3D FEM was established using GTS software. On the basis, the interaction between pit excavation and pile, including the displacement of pit supporting structure, surface subsidence and the pile bending moment changing characteristics, was analyzed. Besides, the calculation results were compared with the measuring results.

The polyline force restoring model is commonly used in explaining the constitutive relation structure for the seismic elasticplastic time history analysis, and  the inflection point processing directly affects the accuracy of the structural seismic response. The linear interpolation method was used in the inflection point processing, and the characteristics of the multi degree freedom system were combined,  which enabled the inflection point processing method to meet the requirements for program calculation in the structural seismic response. It provides a multi degree freedom layer model for the elastic-plastic time history analysis, and compares the results of the inflection point processing with those when the inflection point is not processed. Eventually,  it analyses systematically the influence of the inflection point processing on the amplitude, frequency and phase of the structural seismic response. 

InSAR coherence is very low in the watershed area. The TXOR algorithm and multiple radar coherence images were used to identify the lake boundaries near Siling Co in Tibet. The comparison between the InSAR extracted boundaries and the optical images demonstrates that the method is useful in extracting watershed areas on a large scale.

The performance of Sterling engine regenerators was simulated and experimentally researched. The filling materials were foamed copper and stainless steel wire mesh, whose porosity was 75% or 85% respectively, and the ratio of length to diameter was 2:1 or 3:1. Research results show that: the heat capacity of stainless steel heat exchanger is larger, and the startup speed of foamed copper heat exchanger is faster; Heat transfer of 75% porosity regenerator is larger, while the temperature convergence speed of 85% porosity regenerator is faster; Pressure loss of 2:1 regenerator is smaller, while the 3:1 regenerator exchanger heat is larger. The experimental study indicates that the experimental data is in good agreement with simulation results with a 5% margin of error, so it can provide some reference for the design of regenerators.

The 6063 aluminum alloy plates were welded by friction stir welding(FSW). The corrosion properties of friction stir welding seams and base materials were studied by the methods of static gravimetric, exfoliation corrosion and polarization curves. Their microstructure and corrosion morphology were observed by the Optical Microscope(OM) and Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM). The results show that: after 48 h corrosion, the pitting corrosion on base materials was serious, and there was partly exfoliation corrosion on base materials too. However, the pitting corrosion on welding seams was not obvious after friction stir welding. Furthermore, the self-corrosion potential of welding seams is higher than that of base materials, and they are -666 V and -704 V respectively. The average corrosion rate of the welding seams is far less than that of the base materials, and the value is 0.379 g/(m²·h) and 2.186 g/(m²·h) respectively. The small grains and the dissolution at the second phase are primary reasons for the improvement of the corrosion resistance of welding seams during the FSW.

Experiments on corrosion of TP317 and HAL77-2 immersed in papermaking intermediate water were conducted via the  electrochemical method. After comparing the corrosion resistance of the two materials, it advanced the materialchoosing principle for the condenser of a new 600MW plant with the combination of  heat and power. The experimental results show that in recycled water TP317 has higher corrosion resistance than HAL77-2. However, when more than 4% NaCl is added to the intermediate water, the corrosion resistance of TP317 decreases dramatically. 

Eupolyphage sinensis Walker adults (female) were injected with 5 μL E.coli、Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis respectively via intravitreal injection. The antibacteial activity of haemolymph extracted from induced Eupolyphage for 24, 48 and 72 h respectively to the three bacterial was measured with the filter paper method and compared with the uninduced Eupolyphage as the negative control. The strongest antibacterial activity of haemolymph induced by Staphylococcus aureus for 48h was chosen and then the influence on haemolymph of such factors as the increased sample, pH, temperature and heating time  were analyzed. The results show that the antibacterial activity of hemolymph enhances with the increasing amount of  the sample; The optimal pH value is 5.0； the antibacterial activity of hemolymph is sensitive to heat，and there is no action at the temperatures of 80 ℃ or 100 ℃ within a short period.