High power impulse magnetron sputtering (HIPIMS) is an emerging highionization physical vapor deposition technology which was has gained substantial interests. It utilizes pulses of high peak power density (2-3 orders higher than the conventional magnetron sputtering) and low duty cycle (0.5%-10%) leading to high ionization of metal atoms. This mode has distinguished advantages during deposition:  high adhesive strength, controllable microstructure and phase structure, and decreased residual stress, etc. This review covers the basic principle of HIPIMS, the characteristic of films & coatings deposited by HIPIMS, and the developments of HIPIMS technologies in the recent 10 years: optimization of coatingsubstrate interface in the coated cutting tools, deposition of highperformance hard coatings, nanolayered/nanocomposite coatings by hybrid HIPIMS, oxide coatings, lowtemperature coatings, etc. 

In order to systematize the sustainable utilization of water resource, and effectively solve the problem with water crisis and ecological environment establishment in arid and semi-arid regions, it utilized the basic principles and methods of extension strategy generation to make extension transformation of such condition basic-elements as population, resources, environment and economics, which have been under extension analysis. Then, some sustainable utilization strategies for water resource were generated, the optimal one was selected among them, and the specific scheme of sustainable utilization of water resource was formed. These strategies generated from the method can help relevant departments to make their thoughts clear and set down a feasible scheme for water use. And the method is formalized, and the quantitative approach, which is suitable for solving the problem with water crisis and ecological environment establishment, is also fit for the watershed.

Solving contradictory problems formally and quantitatively is one of the hot research topics in the field of artificial intelligence. Based on the extension model and formalized model of reverse thinking, it studies the reversed strategy generating method of solving contradictory problems, and illustrates the feasibility and effectiveness of this method.

The contradiction between quality improvement of service (QoS) of Internet application systems and users information privacy is one of the hottest topics in the information system research. It summarizes the research on information privacy psychological boundaries and sensitivity in this field, and includes three main aspects as follows. Firstly, it presents a summary of the definition of privacy in different fields; Secondly, it analyzes the difference between information privacy and similar concepts; Thirdly, it classifies the level of user information privacy from the perspective of information sensitivity.

AMPS-TEA polymerizable ionic liquid was synthesized by neutralization of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) with triethylamine (TEA) in acetone followed by evaporation of the solvent; DSC, FT-IR and ¹H-NMR were used to characterize the ionic liquid; by using N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (NMBA) as a crosslinker, and ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator, poly(AMPS-TEA-co-AAm) gels were synthesized by aqueous copolymerization of AMPS-TEA and acrylamide (AAm), the super absorbency for water and a variety of organic solvents of the gels was investigated as well. The results show that when the glass transition temperature of AMPSTEA is59.4 ℃,  poly(AMPS-TEA-co-AAm) gels show super absorbency for both water (218 g/g) and a variety of organic solvents such as DMSO (68 g/g), methanol, ethanol, and so on. It is suggested that the reason for super absorbency for organic liquids is dissociation of the ion pair of the ionic liquid irrespective of the liquid environment.

A novel green polymer detergent builder was prepared by solution polymerization with 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane(MDO) and acrylic acid (AA) as monomers. The effects of reaction time, MDO content, initiator content, and polymerization temperature on the properties of copolymer were investigated. The results show that synthetic copolymer P(AA-co-MDO) has excellent but controllable washing assisting properties and biodegradability. The chelating capacity, dispersing of P(AA-co-MDO) copolymer are 531.32 mg(CaCO³)·g^-1, 133.03 mg(CaCO₃)·g^-1 respectively. The biodegradation rate is as high as 62.1% within 28 days.

The Geotechnical and Tunnel analysis System was used to simulate the detailed process of foundation pit excavation. The soil displacement, internal force and displacement of supporting structure under the conditions of considering or without considering seepage caused by foundation pit excavation were compared and analyzed. Meanwhile, the effects on the mechanical properties of deep foundation pit caused by waterproof curtain, the permeability coefficient and the depth of precipitation were analyzed. The results show that the impact of seepage on foundation pit should not be ignored, and in the deep foundation pit stability analysis,  the role of groundwater seepage should be fully considered. Setting water curtain can effectively reduce the deformation of soil around the foundation pit, and enlarging permeability coefficient and precipitation depth will increase the surface subsidence.

Because sequential pattern mining needs a lot of computing time and storage space, how to reduce the amount of calculation and storage space becomes the key of the sequential pattern mining algorithm. Combining the PrefixSpan algorithm with Bitmap data structure, this text proposes an improved sequential pattern mining algorithm BM-PrefixSpan. The PFPBM (Prefix of First Position on BitMap) table was designed and implemented. When a new item appeared in a sequence, it was recorded in the PFPBM table. The experimental results show that the BM-prefixspan algorithm mines sequential patterns faster and better than others.

The artificial bee colony algorithm has good robust，high convergence speed and outstanding performance in global optimization, but its ability of local search is not good enough. In order to improve its ability of local search, an improved chaotic artificial bee colony algorithm was proposed. In the new algorithm, local search is executed nearby the mean of all individuals, selecting the better individual between the solution searched by chaos function and previous population. Experimental simulation shows that the improved algorithm not only accelerates the convergence rate, but also improves its accuracy, whose performance is better than that of the existing artificial bee colony algorithm.

It researches the unidirectional logistics distribution vehicle routing problem with no time windows, which constrains the vehicle capacity, the longest distance and the full load vehicle. The solution must ensure the nonfull load is the least, and the total distance is the shortest. A mathematical model for multi-objective optimization of the logistics distribution vehicle routing was proposed, and a differential evolution algorithm was presented for this problem. In the algorithm, an appropriate encoding method was presented. The advantage of the proposed algorithm was proved by simulation, based on Matlab language. The computational results demonstrate that the differential evolution algorithm is effective.

Robot soccer environment is vulnerable to changes in illumination, which results in the low recognition rate, the poor illumination adaptability. In order to solve these problems, it adopts c₁c₂ c₃  color invariant features, uses biSCAN to set a few ways of radial scanning which start from the image center and along the radius to extract the object area, and then uses SVM to recognize the object. Experimental results show that the method improves the object recognition rate and the ability to adapt to illumination.

Aimed at the problem that integrated circuits (ICs) may be attacked by hardware Trojan during the process of design or fabrication, thereby posing a significant risk in terms of their trusted field operation, it introduces the basic principles and taxonomy of hardware Trojan, and proposes the design of a kind of hardware Trojan, based on electromagnetic leakage. The Trojan circuit can reveal the encryption key of cipher IC by using electromagnetic emission. Based on FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array) chips, an automatic cipher circuit test platform of AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) was constructed. By the analysis of the side channel, the hardware Trojan circuit could be detected. The experimental results show that the hardware Trojan can secretly steal the 128 bit AES encryption key, and that the detection method can help to identify this type of Trojan in AES cipher circuit, achieving the detection rate of 10^-2.

The driving system layout of 3-gear electric buses was analyzed. The mechanism of the automated manual transmission (AMT) was developed and the transmission control unit (TCU) was built. By modeling and simulating of the main driving motor, the shift control strategies for the main driving motor were established; The shift process data in the AMT system during the road test were collected via the datasaving system, and analyzed statistically afterwards. The data show that the statistical average shift time is 1.86s and the jerk values are between ±35 m/s³, which conforms to relating jerk standards. Test results validate the feasibility of the AMT system.

After introducing the protocol of DALI and drive circuit of LED, it proposed a complete intelligent lighting system for LED, based on DALI. The functions of hardware circuits were analyzed in detail, and an application system was built. It works well and conforms to DALI protocol.

Taking into account that the network bandwidth has limitation, instability and "making the best" service, it proposes a novel adaptive transmission scheme named GAIMD_Buffer to ensure QoS of video transmission. Based on GAIMD algorithm, the scheme introduces a buffer control strategy of H.264 video streaming for both servers and clients. When the network is in a stable or congested state, and the estimated value of the buffer occupancy is within the given threshold in the next RTT as well, the speed of transmission is adjusted by GAIMD algorithm; otherwise, the stability of the buffer can only be ensured by adjusting the video code rate, which ensures the buffer will not overflow or underflow. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme works well in the embedded system, which shows more effective smooth jitter, less packet loss and play latency, and improves video quality accordingly.

In order to increase productivity, reduce subjective grading error and improve quality, it proposed a method of using machine vision for automatic ratings of feather color. First, the eigenvalues of images were extracted and analyzed, based on the YU‘V’ color space. Then, an optimized binary tree of multiclass classifiers was built, based on SVM, combined with its characteristic value. It was used to classify the feather color. Finally, the classification error was analyzed. The experimental results show that the designed classifier has a high correct rate, and that it can efficiently determine the feather color level, thus satisfying the production requirement for automatic grading of feather.

It presents the design of a hyperlens with the multilayered halfcylindrical structure, which can get the farfield optical imaging beyond the diffraction limit at different wavelengths. The hyperlens consists of two kinds of semiconductors whose dielectric permittivity depends on the operating wavelength. Numerical simulation shows that the hyperlens can fulfill farfield superlensing conditions at multiple different wavelengths. The wavelength range of the hyperlens can be controlled by choosing appropriate dielectrics, and each range can be finely tuned via the change in the thickness radio of the two dielectric layers.

Owing to the market demand for highpixel mobile phone lens, it presents the design of 8 Megapixel high quality phone cameras in compliance with the current trend with the software Zemax . Based on the optimal control of its total thickness, the thickness is reduced to 5.7mm.The MTF value and aberration are well controlled. The tolerance meets the practical requirements.

It presents the design of a lowprofile quadband PIFA antenna for mobile phones. The Antenna has multiband characteristics via the use of two slot and parasitic load. To enhance antenna radiation, three technologies were applied, such as digging out the ground under the feed, joining directly up groundfeed and the ground, and using passive π matching network. Experimental results show that the antenna has very good radiation performance in GSM900/DCS/PCS/UMTS operating bands, the efficiency of which is 38％、40％、42％ and 39％ respectively.

It starts from the existence of the lower semicontinuous convex functional extremum in the reflexive space, and moves on to the non-reflexive space. Some conclusions were drawn, based on the weak star lower semicontinuous property, or the weak star lower semicontinuous from above property of convex function in the non-reflexive space. These results were applied to the lagrangian convex function. It draws the conclusion that the lagrangian convex function also has the selfdual property.

It studies the existence of nonoscillatory solutions of variable coefficient higher order nonlinear neutral differential equations by the Banach contraction principle. Some new sufficient conditions have been obtained, which improves the results in the literature.

Based on the concept of project management, it presents the design of a deformation monitoring data management system. All information about a construction project, including its different kinds of deformation data, was put into the same unit in the management system. Correspondingly, data processing modules for several kinds of common deformation monitoring were designed. The designed system can automatically generate dailyreports for each period of monitoring data, which greatly improves the efficiency of deformation data processing work.

The applications of solar hot water systems in buildings worldwide were introduced. The problems with the systems were presented in the aspects of technology and installation. Some suggestions were offered from foreign experiences, such as improving the technical and industrial levels of solar hot water systems, strengthening the construction of the technical institutional system, developing the national or local regulatory rules for mandatory installation of solar hot water systems in buildings, and encouraging the application and promotion of solar thermal technology. 