具有Allee效应捕食-竞争系统的时空动态分析

doi:10.12052/gdutxb.190068

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 具有Allee效应的局域种群动态及实证研究是种群生态学的研究热点之一.当前研究表明种群密度过低引起的Allee效应对单一种群或集合种群的时间动态及其空间分布都产生复杂的影响.然而，在较复杂的生态关系中，对于Allee效应如何影响系统动态还缺乏较全面的认识.通过建立具有Allee效应的捕食者与具有竞争关系的被捕食者之间的生态系统，分析了Allee效应指数和种群初始密度对该系统中各物种种群密度及空间分布动态的影响.研究结果表明：捕食者具有Allee效应引起系统产生阻尼振荡，不利于捕食-竞争系统的稳定； Allee效应阈值的增加促使捕食者种群密度减少，被捕食者种群密度增加；捕食者的初始种群大小对此系统具有显著影响——初值较大时，系统最终达到稳定；初值较小时，系统则产生混沌现象；具有Allee效应的系统在空间中更易产生聚集式分布模式.本文观点可为物种保护提供必要的理论依据.

关键词: Allee效应, 捕食-竞争系统, 稳定性分析, 数值模拟, 空间分布模式

Abstract: The local population dynamics with Allee effect and its empirical research are one of the research hotspots in population ecology. Current studies show that the Allee effect caused by the low population density has complex impacts on the time dynamics and the spatial distribution of a single population or metapopulation. However, comprehensive understanding of how the Allee effect will affect the system dynamics in complex ecological relationships is not enough. An ecosystem containing predators with Allee effect and prey with competing relationship is established. And then, the effect of the Allee effect index and the population initial density on the population density and the spatial distribution of each species are analyzed by the ecosystem. The results show that the predators with Allee effect cause the system to produce damped oscillation, against the stability of predation-competition system; increasing the Allee effect threshold prompts the population density of predators to decrease, and the population density of preys to increase; the initial population size of predator has great impacts on the system, and if the initial value is large, the system finally reaches a stable state; however, if the initial value is small, the system is in chaos; the systems with Allee effect are more likely to generate an aggregated distribution pattern in space. These insights can provide necessary theoretical basis for species conservation.

Key words: Allee effects, predation-competition system, stability analysis, numerical simulation, spatial pattern

中图分类号:

Q141

刘陈霖, 郑三强, 韩晓卓. 具有Allee效应捕食-竞争系统的时空动态分析[J]. 广东工业大学学报, 2019, 36(06): 38-44.

Liu Chen-lin, Zheng San-qiang, Han Xiao-zhuo. A Spatio-temporal Dynamic Analysis of a Predation-competition System with Allee Effect[J]. Journal of Guangdong University of Technology, 2019, 36(06): 38-44.

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