Detour transformation isvisualization of Extension transformation, which is adopted in the innovation of evolution of mathematics and software. The forms of detour transformations in mathematics evolution are formalization, equivalent transformation and transforming transformation. The form of detour transformation in the computer software is to convert the complex software to the basic operations, making it suitable for hardware to accomplish. The software is described in three aspects, namely numerical calculation, data storage and computer program. The purpose of detour transformations is to change the complex contradiction problem into the easy solvable problem. The detour transformation is an effective extension transformation.

Using extencics theory and hypergraph theory, the tool of primitive can describe the strong heterogeneity of hyperedges. Heterogeneous hypergraph includes different types of nodes and hyperedges. These can make a variety of types, different properties and different functions of hyperedges fuse in a network. Taking take-away and drop-drop as examples and using the relational structure heterogeneity of hyperedges and a variety of nodes are studied, so as to dig out more abundant information. This study may provide a new way to study the hypergraph theory.

Using the extension model of stochastic process in which the values of one or more characters in one process element are changed, conductive transformation caused by the change in other characters' values in the process element is discussed. The conductive Auto-correlation function and conductive Cross-correlation function are defined. Extensive reasoning rules, extensive transformation and conductive effect of extensive transformation are used to study the expansion of the Auto-correlation function in the same process and the Cross-correlation function in the two processes.

Printer, especially A4 paper printer, has been widely used at home and in the office. Occasionally A3 print paper is used for A4 paper printer. In order to solve the problem, extension innovation method is applied. Contradiction between demand and existing condition is analyzed, and is expressed by basic element. According to the extension analysis and diamond thought, the scheme to solve the above-mentioned condition is formulated step by step. In the end, print clip for folded paper is designed, which solves the problem of printing on the A3 print paper by A4 paper printer. Utility model patent about print clip has been applied and authorized. In sum, the extension innovation method can efficiently guide the procedure of innovation design.

In this paper, TFP fragment was firstly obtained by PCR amplification using a plasmid which contains TFP cDNA as a template. The amplified fragment wascloned into P. Pastoris expressing vector pPIC9K. After confirming through sequencing, a recombinant expression plasmid pPIC9K-TFPisobtained. The plasmid islinearized and then transformed into P. Pastoris cell GS115 by electroporation. The positive recombinantis screened and confirmed by PCR. A single colony is used fermented which grew at 30℃ in a shaking incubator. TFP gene is expressed in yeast after induced with 0.5% methano and the specificity of expressed proteinidentified by SDS-PAGE. TFP fibrinolytic activity is detected by fibrin-plate method. The results showthat TFP gene has been successfully expressed in yeast Pichia pastoris, and thatthe expressed protein has fibrinolytic activity.

In recent years, urban waterlogging occurred frequently in the Pearl River Delta region. In order to solve this problem, a research is conducted on the characteristics of urban waterlogging, selecting the Pearl River Delta region as a whole. Based on full collection of regional geography and geology, meteorology and hydrology, the relevant research achievements, GIS and remote sensing data and other related information, and analyzed by GIS technology, occurrence situation, temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of urban waterlogging in the Pearl River Delta region are summarized, the main causes analyzed, and the development trend predicted. This research can provide feasible suggestions for the prevention and control of urban waterlogging in Pearl River Delta region.

A soft clay consolidation project by using vacuum-surcharge preloading method was conducted in Zhuhai about two year ago, and finite element numerical analysis under two-dimensional plane strain condition, in which modified Cam model and soft clay permeating characteristics are considered, is finished in details for the project, with corresponding calculating results such as soft clay vertical settlement, horizontal displacement, and pore water pressure, et al. beengiven and compared with the project measuring results. Based on the calculation results, the vacuum-surcharge preloading method for the soft clay has a better consolidation effect in practice because of its effective consolidation mechanism.

The operational principle of CO₂ transcritical cycle in the integrated air conditioning system of CO₂ transcritical cycle with temperature and humidity independent control is introduced. And the theory analysis and simulation for the system is done by establishing the corresponding mathematics physical model. At the same time, using 100 kw refrigerating quantity as an example, simulation is made on the system combining with Coolpack. Simulating vaporization temperature T_E, gas cooler outlet pressure P, gas cooler outlet temperature T₄ of CO₂ transcritical cycle, the influence of the simulated result is discovered. The study can provide theoretical support for the application of CO₂ transcritical cycle with temperature and humidity independent control

With the continuous development of new energy vehicles, increasing the thermal safety of the power battery attracts more attention. The data of current, voltage, temperature and time of the 18650 single cell are tested under the constant current 1 C discharge rate, the theoretical calorific value of the cell estimated to be 3 901.51 J based on law of conservation of energy, and the average specific heat and the average heating power is calculated through experimental method to be respectively 5.37 J/(g·K) and 1.08 W. At the same time, the surface/section temperature image of the 18650 single cell through 1 C constant current discharge is simulated by the way of computer simulation. Compared with the experimental data and verified, the error of the maximum temperature is less than or equal to 1℃, which lays a theoretical foundation for the follow-up evaluation of the electric vehicle thermal disaster.

Because of the random nature of wind power output, a unit commitment optimization model with wind farm based on chance-constrained programming is proposed. The constraints of both power system and generator are considered. Chaos Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (CDPSO) is used to arrange thermal unit commitment startup and shutdown and cultural chaos particle swarm optimization algorithm (CCPSO) is proposed to solve economic load dispatch. Based on it, Multi-objective optimization unit commitment optimization problem in wind power integrated system under the energy saving and lower emission is considered. The Monte Carlo stochastic simulation techniques verified opportunity constraints and the superiority of opportunities constraints coordination programs profit and risk under different confidence level are analyzed. It provides a new way of thinking to coordinating profit, risk and environment benefits. A system with one wind power farm and 10 coal-fired plants was taken as a study example and the results show that the model is correct.

Silicon steel sheets with different grain size and orientation are selected to conduct the disc slitting experiment, and the slitting surface morphology and work hardening behavior are studied by analyzing microstructure morphology and micro-hardness. The difference of metallographic structure is great before and after slitting: silicon steel with smaller grain size has larger deformation, while silicon steel with larger grain size is easy to generate the transgranular fracture along with obvious twin structure. The grain size and orientation of silicon steel have a great influence on work hardening. When the grain size is close, the work hardening ability of the non-oriented silicon steel is bigger than that of the grain-oriented silicon steel. When grain orientation of silicon steel is the same, the larger the grain size, the bigger the changing of hardness. The degree of work hardening is directly related to the material deformation in the disc slitting. The fiercer the deformation, the larger the work hardening. Grain orientation of non-oriented silicon steel becomes orderly, which greatly improves the ability to resist plastic deformation. Deformation mechanism of fine granular material is dominated by dislocation slip and the twin deformation mainly occurs in large granular silicon steel.

In cognitive radio networks, it is very difficult to track the location of small-scale mobile primary users because of their mobile characteristic、the unpredictability of its spatial and temporal spectrum usage patterns and its weak transmission power. Based on these observations, a novel algorithm with self-adjustment mechanism is proposed based on weighted centroid localization and particle filter to track small-scale mobile primary users. The advantage of this method is that not only accurately and reliably track the location of small-scale mobile primary users, but also to preserve localization accuracy depend on adjustment mechanism in the case of localization error exceeds the threshold. Simulation results show that localization error of the proposed algorithm less than 10 m in the range of 100 m×100 m.

A novel LED plane light source is studied in the paper. With the fluorescence plate manufactured through high-reflection aluminum board and the blue light LED chip strips, white light emission is realized. Theoretic analysis show that the light-output efficiency of the LED sources can be increased through the coincidence of the light-excited surface of the fluorescence layer and the light output surface of the layer; the epoxy coating on phosphor particles can reduce the incident intensity of blue light to the phosphors, while the uncoated phosphor particles have the higher blue-fluorescence converting efficiency. Light output efficiency can also be raised by the high reflectivity of the substrate of fluorescence epoxy layer. With the help of the light guide plate dots, the light output homogeneous of the plane source can be realized. The absorption cross section and the emission spectrum of the plane source can be adjusted through the change of incident angle of blue light, and high color render index above 95 can be obtained. Furthermore, the isolation between LED chips and phosphors is realized. The light efficiency of the plane sources can be further enhanced through the optimization design and manufacture process, and reaches the commercialization.

By analyzing the indoor Visible Light Communication system commonly used LEDs illumination radiation, this paper investigates a circle-corners compensated distribution scheme of the LEDs. Our studies show that the the SNR fluctuation under such an arrangement can reduced 90% which guarantees that users can obtain almost identical communication quality within better entire light intensity distribution. We use Root-Mean-Square delay spread to simulate the multipath delay which has reflections, then we investigate a more realistic channel model using Zero Forcing Equalization. Although the distribution scheme increasing the inter-symbol interference(ISI), the bit error rate(BER) is also very close to that channel without any ISI in the system. The scheme and the channel model reflect the actual needs of multi-user in VLC which has broad prospects for application.

The passivity of neural networks of neural network systems is studied. Based on the passive network theory, it the less conservative conditions of the neural network can be obtained. Additionally, the robust passivity of the parameters uncertainties' neural networks with time-delay is analyzed. According to theories and approaches of Lyapunov stability, Jensen integral inequality, Schur complement lemma and free weighting matrices, the research shows that the less conservative passive condition of the neural network can be obtained from constructing a new Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and simplifying the quadratic terms of the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional's inverse. Meanwhile, the passivity condition is obtained not requiring all the symmetric involved in the employed quadratic Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional matrices to be positive definite. The results show that the method is effective.

For the present stage, facing the long invalid trajectory and low working efficiency of large curvature of hull plate processing automation equipment, a new method of fire paths selection is designed based on greedy algorithm to reduce the invalid track outside the process of the burning plate by optimizing the path of multiple paths to be processed. In this way, it could shorten the processing time of single plate and improve production efficiency. A curve interpolation method is presented based on double NURBS algorithm to realize the optimization of machining trajectory curvature complex hull plate, improving the machining precision. The experiment proves that application of greedy algorithm and double NURBS interpolation algorithm in line heating control system greatly improves the machining accuracy and the operating efficiency of the machine, and has achieved the effect of the optimization of the motion trajectory in the bending plate machining process.

Stereo matching is the most important step in binocular vision, and it is also the most difficult problem to solve. The traditional stereo matching to get the regional disparity map is just passable, for the characteristics of the non-texture regions are difficult to retain the depth map discontinuing, so getting the 3D information of the target is slow and inaccurate, Therefore, a new SIFT image matching is proposed, firstly, making the epipolar constraint on the left and right image; secondly, selecting the ROI of target from the left of binocular images, and reducing running time by reducing the dimension of feature vectors and accelerating the matching speed by using BBF algorithm based on KD tree, and finally, removing the false matching by using RANSAC algorithm. The experiment results show that the improved SIFT algorithm can get the target's feature points quickly and accurately, so the 3D coordinates can be calculated by the triangulation method speedy.