Probabilistic planning is a Markov decision process (MDP) in which actions are parallel and probabilistic. However, both state and action spaces of probabilistic planning problems are exponential, and excessive state space can reduce the efficiency of the planner and increase the difficulty of solving problems. Therefore, a crowdsourcing probabilistic planning is proposed based on Monte-Carlo tree search, which allocates planning tasks to multiple planners to solve probabilistic planning problems. The Monte-Carlo tree search algorithm is used to build a lookahead tree and evaluate the quality of the actions returned by different planners through the lookahead tree. Experimental results show that, with the relaxation of resource restrictions, the quality of the solution obtained by the algorithm continues to improve. Even in the same condition, the proposed method has better performance in solution efficiency and standard deviations.

Mobile edge computing (MEC) can provide users with low-latency network services and cloud-like computing services by deploying servers at the edge network which is close to users. Mobile devices (MDs) offload their tasks to edge servers for computing via the network access points, which can effectively reduce the power consumption of MDs and the completion time of their tasks. However, users have to pay for communications when they offload their tasks to edge servers. A MEC system is studied which contains multiple users and multiple edge computing nodes. Mathematical models are built for task completion time, power consumption, and communication cost of MDs, and the problem is formulated to minimize these objectives. A task scheduling algorithm based on a multi-population evolutionary algorithm is proposed to solve this problem. The scheduling algorithm minimizes the comprehensive cost of MDs by optimizing the offloading decisions and resource allocation decisions for MDs. Lots of simulations are conducted to verify that the proposed algorithm can reduce the comprehensive cost of MDs better compared with other scheduling algorithms.

In the energy harvesting based mobile edge computing (MEC) system, the energy arrivals and wireless channels for computing offloading are both dynamically changing in time and space, which results in dynamic adaptation between communication/computational resource management and task execution. To address such problems, based on the criterion of maximizing the system’s computing throughput, the predication models for renewable energy random arrival and wireless channel are established, and a novel online design framework is proposed for dynamically managing communication/computation resources over time. This solution solves the convex optimization problem time slot by time slot, and based on the optimal structure of offline resource dynamic management and control, real-time resource management strategies are formulated, and it has low computational complexity. Numerical results show that the proposed online sliding window design scheme is superior to the existing benchmark schemes in terms of system computational throughput performance, and has better robust performance against channel/energy state information prediction errors.

Aiming at the problem that the TransD model has many parameters and the two representations of entities are not related, an improved knowledge representation model PTransD is proposed, which reduces the number of parameters by reducing the number of entity projections and clustering entities, while using K-L (Kullback-Leibler ) The divergence limits the entity projection to the same probability distribution as the corresponding entity class. During model training, the triple loss and K-L loss are alternately optimized, and the entities in the classes with large spacing between the entities are replaced to improve the quality of negative examples. Finally, based on the experimental results of triple classification and link prediction on the knowledge graph data set, the performance has been significantly improved in various indicators. It can be applied to the perfection and reasoning of knowledge map.

According to the variational properties of zero-norm function, the optimizations with zero-norm constraint or zero-norm regularized optimizations or zero-nom minimized problems can be reformed to the constraint optimizations with half complementary set. It is well known that the characterization of contingent tangent cone and limiting norm cone to the constraint set is crucial in proposing the optimal conditions for these optimizations. The contingent tangent cone, regular norm cone and limiting norm cone are characterized to the half complementary set. It enriches the optimality theory of discontinuous and nonconvex programming problems and gives a key theoretical basis to study further these optimization problems.

Since the characteristics of Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharges (APDBD) are usually analyzed under sinusoidal voltage or pulse voltage, the characteristics of APDBDs powered by current source have been little studied. To address the issue, the characteristics of APDBD filled with helium are studied under bipolar pulse current. By constructing a one-dimensional fluid model of the APDBD, the voltammetry property of the APDBD and the temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of helium ions (He⁺) and excited helium atoms (He^*) are numerically analyzed. The results show that the number density of He⁺ and He^* is proportional to the current amplitude, and negatively correlated with the gap width. The breakdown voltage of the gap is negatively correlated with the amplitude of the applied current and positively correlated with the width of the gap. The increase of the gap width and the current amplitude makes the He^* dense area more dispersed. In addition, the electrical equivalent circuit of APDBD, the selection of gap width effects, the effects of current amplitude, current rise time and working frequency are discussed.

In order to comprehensively promote the construction of ecological civilization and strengthen the protection of ecological environment, the government and enterprises are actively exploring effective measures to encourage individual green consumption. With the increasing popularity of gamified applications, more and more attention has been paid to the research on green consumption behavior nudged by gamification. However, a systematic theoretical framework has not yet been formed. This review first systematically reviews the elements, design framework and affordances of gamification, then analyzes and sorts out the research status of green consumption from three aspects: motivation, attitude and behavior, and puts forward the concept of indirect green consumption behavior according to the characteristics of green consumption. Finally, based on the research and analysis of relevant literature on green consumption behavior nudged by gamification, this review constructs an overall research framework for exploring green consumption behavior nudged by gamification. It emphasizes that gamification has a boosting effect on people’s green consumption motivation, attitude and behavior, providing research ideas for the studies in related fields.

Both internal- and external-firm pay gap are the two important aspects of employee compensation comparison. However, most of the existing literature has studied the incentive effect of internal- and external-firm pay gap separately, and paid insufficient attention to the combination, interaction and boundary between the two. Based on the samples of A-share industrial listed companies in China, the incentive effect and interactive relationship between internal- and external-firm pay gap are analyzed. The results show that: (1) Both internal- and external-firm pay gap have significant influences on corporate innovation efficiency separately. When integrating the two facts in one model, the inhibiting effect of internal-firm pay gap on corporate innovation efficiency is still significant, while the positive incentive effect of external-firm pay gap becomes insignificant. In order to control endogenous problem, the three-stage least square method in simultaneous equation model is used for regression, and the results are consistent with the above. (2) About the incentive effect of pay gap, there are significant differences in different types of enterprises. Specifically, in non-state-owned enterprises and enterprises with low salary level, internal-firm pay gap plays no significant role, while external-firm pay gap can significantly promote the improvement of corporate innovation efficiency. In state-owned enterprises and enterprises with high salary level, it is exactly the opposite. Internal-firm pay gap has a significant inhibiting effect on corporate innovation efficiency, while external-firm pay gap has no significant effect. Thus the research on compensation and corporate innovation incentive is expanded and enriched and has a strong enlightenment significance to the actual enterprise decision-making.

High-speed rail needs 6 hours of repair time in the early morning every day, when it cannot be used. However, with the development of society, it is necessary to reduce the window time to improve the operation efficiency of high-speed rail. The traditional deformation monitoring system of high-speed railway track subgrade based on BDS (BeiDou Navigation Satellite System) needs one day observation time to accurately monitor the subgrade, but such observation time during the empty window period of ultra-high railway cannot play a role in improving the operation efficiency of high-speed railway. Particle filter algorithm is added to the original deformation monitoring algorithm. While trying to reduce the observation time to the high-speed railway empty window period, the particle filter algorithm is used to ensure that the coordinate values of the solved monitoring points meet the positioning accuracy requirements of the high railway base under the condition that the sampling data decreases substantially. An experimental simulation is carried out using the measured sampling data of BDS deformation monitoring system of Guangzhou-Shantou high-speed railway, and the effectiveness of particle filter algorithm is verified. The experimental results show that, with the help of particle filter algorithm, the observation time reduced to 15 min can ensure that the a, B and H coordinates of the monitoring points meet the accuracy requirement of ±5 mm for high railway base positioning, which provides an effective method and idea for reducing the time of high-speed railway gap period and improving the operation efficiency of high-speed railway.

Identifying the production, living and ecological functions of territorial space and diagnosing their coupling and coordination degree is one of the important scientific bases for the implementation of precise policy of territorial spatial planning. Based on the latest Globeland 30_2020 land cover data provided by the Ministry of Natural Resources of China, space to functions mapping method was adopted to evaluate the initial production, living and ecological functions. Then the gross domestic product (GDP), permanent population size (PRP) and ecological service value (ESV) were used to modify the production, living and ecological functions respectively. A total of 33 standard geographical units of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) were identified and diagnosed, and the results showed that: the production function index of GBA ranged from 0.347 to 0.969. The units with higher production functions were mainly located in the core area of GBA, especially in the regions along the routes of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Dongguan, southern Guangzhou, eastern Foshan, Zhongshan, Zhuhai and Macao. The index of living functions ranged from 0.342 to 0.974, which was similar to the pattern of production functions on the whole, but there were slight differences in the specific ranking, indicating that the GDP of each unit was not positively correlated with the size of PRP. The ecological function index was between 0.306 and 0.952, which basically showed a spatial pattern completely opposite to the production and living functions, but there were some exceptions such as Hong Kong. From the perspective of cumulative index, the overall production-living-ecological functions of GBA does not gradually decline from the core circle to the periphery circle of GBA, the low value area appears in the middle circle. Coupling and coordination degree diagnosis shows that there are no disharmonious units in GBA, 15 units in basic coordination and 17 units in moderate coordination. However, among all of them, only Hong Kong has a highly coordinated development. From the perspective of coordinated development of production, living and ecological functions in territorial space, the diagnostic results can be used in implementing precise policies like "one city, one policy" for GBA to achieve high quality and high level of development.

Due to the advantages of ultra-light, high specific strength and good cushioning performance, hollow-sphere materials have a large demand in the fields of aerospace, automobile safety and so on. Its mechanical properties are mainly affected by the microstructure. Quasi-static compressive properties of 3D printed hollow-sphere structures with perforations were investigated experimentally and numerically. The effects of cell number, hole diameter and spheres packing pattern on the mechanical properties of structures with two connections were mainly analyzed. The results confirm that the deformation process of perforated hollow-sphere structures includes the linear elastic stage, large plastic deformation stage and densification stage; when the number of cells in the structure reaches 3×3×3, the mechanical properties are basically independent of the cell number; in general, the specific modulus and strength of the structure having connection necks are larger than those of the structure having no connection neck, while the specific energy absorption of the structure having no connection neck is larger than that of the structure having connection necks; The compressive performance of face centered cubic (FCC) structure is superior, followed by body centered cubic (BCC) structure, and the performance of simple cubic (SC) structure is the weakest; the specific modulus, specific strength and specific energy absorption of simple cubic and body centered cubic structures are linear with the hole diameter, and nonlinear for face centered cubic structures. It provides a reference for hollow sphere materials design and applications.

The research on reducing environmental pollution has gradually increased in recent years. At present, the research mostly focuses on the mechanism of geopolymer, but seldom involves alkali aggregate reaction. This study attempts to explore the difference between alkali-activated cementitious material mortar and traditional cement mortar in high temperature and alkali environment. To promote the engineering application of alkali-activated cementitious materials, the deformation behavior of cement mortar with different aggregates and metakaolin geopolymer mortar in high temperature and alkali solution is studied by measuring the length changes of samples at different ages. At the same time, the composition and microstructure of products at different ages are analyzed by XRD, SEM and other micro-methods. It is shown that there are obvious differences in the alkali-aggregate reaction process between geopolymer and cement. There will be no serious alkali aggregate reaction in geopolymer, and aggregates with strong alkali activity can be used in engineering. Geopolymer paste eventually forms zeolite-like structure, which can absorb and solve a large number of harmful alkali and adapt to strong corrosive environment such as marine engineering.

Traditional Chinese medicine is an important part of the comprehensive treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients in China. To explore the potential mechanism of Baihe Dihuang Decoction in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, the network pharmacology and molecular docking was used. Excavating the ingredient of each drug in Baihe Dihuang Decoction used TCMSP database and literature, and its target protein was predicted by the Swiss Target Prediction database. Disease targets relating to hepatocellular carcinoma were screened out through OMIM and Gene Cards databases, and the target protein name was standardized by the UniProt database. The drug targets and disease targets were selected to make a Veen diagram. PPI network of potential targets was constructed using STRING platform combined with Cytoscape3.7.2 software, and GO (Gene Ontology) analysis and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes) pathways data were obtained to conduct enrichment analysis and predict its mechanism of action. One hundred thirty-one chemical components of Baihe Dihuang Decoction were collected. And the main active components included kaempferol, brownioside and lilioside C. 58 targets of Baihe Dihuang Decoction for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma were selected. The PPI network showed the key targets were STAT3, CASP3, VEGFA. The enrichment analysis of KEGG screened out 91 signaling pathways including cancer proteoglycan, VEGF signaling pathway, and PI3K Akt signaling pathway. The results of molecular docking showed that the main active components in Baihe Dihuang Decoction had a stable binding activity with core targets. The compounds in Baihe Dihuang Decoction can play a therapeutic role in the treatment of HCC by acting on multiple targets and multiple pathways to inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and promote the apoptosis of tumor cells.

With the development of photocatalytic technology, the research and exploration of photocatalytic properties of 2D materials have also attracted much attention. The photocatalytic performance of graphene oxide/WS₂/Mg-doped ZnO (rGOWMZ) composites under 600 ℃ annealing is excellent because the degradation rate of Rhodamine B (RhB) is 99.6% under natural light, with the added 0.5% amount of In₂Se₃ sheets which is a direct bandgap semiconductor. The In₂Se₃ sheets prepared through liquid exfoliation are about 100 nm and ~5 atomic layers thickness. The composites are carried out with Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). And the rGOWMZ+In₂Se₃ composites exhibit excellent photocatalytic property, showing great potential in photocatalyst application.

Photocatalysis has been regarded as an efficient technology in environmental remediation and energy conversion, and its core is the design and development of efficient photocatalysts. The composites of the bismuth-based semiconductors combined with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted much attention due to their high photocatalytic activity. A review is conducted on recent advances in MOF/bismuth-based semiconductor composites (abbreviated as MBCs). On this basis, the synthesis methods of MBCs are described in detail, and then the applications of MBCs in organic pollutant degradation, Cr(VI) reduction, water (H₂O) splitting, nitrogen (N₂) fixation discussed. Finally, the unsolved problems of MBCs are discussed and the future development prospects proposed.

Solid surface with nanostructures can effectively regulate interfacial wettability, which has important application prospect in material energy and other fields. Changing the geometric dimension of nanostructures can adjust the wetting property in a certain range, but it has some limitations. Adjusting the solid-liquid energy parameter can further regulate and control interfacial wetting property. However, the effect of energy parameter during greater interval on wettability of droplets on nanostructured surface is rarely reported. Using the molecular dynamics simulations, wettability of a liquid droplet on solid surface with nanoscale inverted triangular grooves was studied with several energy parameters in different intervals. Such wettability can be characterized by penetrating rate. Increasing energy parameter in the four different intervals makes penetrating rate grow within varied ways, which increases firstly and then decreases. The droplet also in turn exhibits a significant wetting state, corresponding to the hydrophobic Cassie state to the hydrophilic Wenzel state in the wetting state map, and then reversed to the hydrophobic Cassie state if the energy parameter exceeds the critical value (~7). At the same time, the spatial distribution of droplet molecules shows obvious regularity, in which underlying atoms evenly distribute in the lattice line or crystal surface, shaped like the epitaxial growth of the solid atoms. The overall understanding of the effect of energy parameter on wettability is obtained, which provides direction to design or regulates wettability in nanostructure surface.

Organic Rankine Cycle have numerous potential applications in thermal power generation at medium-to-low temperatures. Heat exchanger is an important part of ORC, but the research on the off-design conditions performance of the heat exchanger is not enough. A simulation modeling approach of the heat exchanger under off-design conditions is proposed in this paper and the simulation model of the heat exchanger is established and verified by experiments. According to the verification, the maximum error of heat transfer quantity between simulation and experiment of evaporator and condenser is 3.74% and 3.20% respectively. On the basis of the model validation, the performance of the heat exchanger in ORC are evaluated, the off-design conditions performance and the thermal transfer area migration regulations of the heat exchanger are obtained, and the equivalent heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger is defined and obtained, which provides guidelines for the design of the heat exchanger and the application of the device in ORC.