For the redesign of existing products, a process-oriented method combining functional structure model and extension theory is proposed. In order to reach the goal, this method is based on the knowledge base of functional ontology, the functional structure of existing products is built, the adverse affairs of products are expressed by affair element model, the causes of adverse affairs are inferred by implication system analysis of extension theory, and the problematic functions in product functional structure can be confirmed by the analysis results. After that, the problematic functional affair element model is created. Based on the reasons of adverse affairs, the extended analysis and extension transformation are carried out to obtain the improved new function, then the new function structureconstructed, and the redesign of the existing products completed. Finally, the feasibility of the method is verified through the redesign of a pineapple picker patent, which provides a new idea and an operable method for the redesign of existing products.

This systematic review provides a comprehensive analysis of magnetically actuated capsule robots, focusing on their design, control mechanisms, and diverse applications. Through a systematic literature search and analysis, this review aims to provide valuable insights for researchers, engineers, and practitioners involved in the development and utilization of capsule robots in various domains. The design principles of magnetically actuated capsule robots are summarized in terms of size, shape, material and motion mechanism, the precise control methods and positioning navigation strategies analyzed, and the application of magnetically actuated capsule robots in gastrointestinal disease examination discussed, targeting drug delivery and minimally invasive surgery. According to the scope and objectives of the systematic review, the technical challenges and potential research directions in this field are summarized. Through continuous research and innovation on issues such as positioning accuracy, control strategies, and material properties, the magnetically actuated capsule robot system will bring major breakthroughs and advancements in the fields of medical treatment and biological research.

An approach of intelligent fitting model of emotional modeling primitives is proposed to solve the limitations of the traditional product design methods that are difficult to carry out the overall design and the interference between the appearance design and the mechanical structure design. By using the principle of visual perception to analyze consumer needs, the principle of visual perception is determined as an effective way to connect perceptual psychology and modeling elements. Combining with extension theory, a method for generating modeling elements based on emotional images is given. Analyzing the influence of product mechanical structure on appearance modeling, and combining extension transformation ideas and parametric design software, a modeling fitting concept is proposed, a product modeling method system is constructed based on user emotional collaborative structural design, and new ideas for product modeling design provided. Finally, the feasibility of the method is verified through an example of trocar.

Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis can be used to evaluate the performance of classifiers and find the optimal segmentation points of different categories. Among them, the non-parametric method has been widely used in practice because of its simplicity and flexibility.How to construct and evaluate receiver operating characteristic curve for the classified data by ROC nonparametric method was introduced .

In order to increase the diversity and novelty of structural design in the structural innovation design of automated warehouse, the extension innovation method is applied to the structural design of shuttle shelf, and the general process of its structural extension design given. According to the user's demand and original data, the extension model of shuttle shelf is established, and the mapping relationship among function event element, component matter element and connection relation element is analyzed, and the implication system of function event element set is established. The relevant analysis network of automated warehouse shelf structure design is established, the analysis and implement the corresponding active transformation expanded, and then the creative strategy set of automated warehouse structure design obtained. The optimal strategy has been applied to enterprise production, with good practicability.

Because of high theoretical specific capacity and energy density, lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are regarded as one of the most promising energy storage batteries. However, the low conductivity of the active sulfur and the Li ₂S discharge product, the shuttle effect of intermediate products produced by the charging and discharging process, and serious capacity degradation caused by the slow sulfur redox kinetics, limits the practical application of LSB. Herein, three different vanadium sulfide@MXene hetero-structure catalysts were synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method and applied to the cathode host in LSBs. Compared with VS ₄@MXene and V ₅S ₈@MXene, VS ₂@MXene has the largest specific surface area and electrochemical active surface area, which provides more active sites in LSBs, thereby improving the electrochemical reaction kinetics. Meanwhile, the experimental and Density Functional Theory(DFT) theoretical calculation results show that the VS ₂@MXene has the strongest polysulfide adsorption ability and electronic conductivity, which effectively alleviates the shuttle effect of polysulfides and improves the utilization of sulfur. LSBs with S/VS ₂@MXene as the cathode achieve an initial discharge specific capacity of 815.4 mAh·g ^-1 and still maintain a reversible specific capacity of 645.4 mAh·g ^-1 after 400 cycles at 1 C. This research provides some insights for the selection of vanadium-based sulfide as the catalytic materials and hosts in lithium-sulfur batteries.

In order to assist the innovative design of the generator product and improve its design efficiency, an extension innovation method is applied to the innovative design of the generator, and the general process and steps of its design given. Starting from the shortcomings of generators, the design objectives are set up, and the basic models of design objectives are established. The functions, principles and structures of the generators are analyzed, and the basic models of the primary generators established and the new ideas of multiple generators obtained by using the extended analysis and extension transformation methods. Finally, through the superiority evaluation and patent inquiry, better and effective design ideas are obtained, and then concretely translated into innovative design schemes. Taking a typical DC generator as an example, many effective new product design ideas are obtained and concretely translated into innovative design schemes. Experiments verify its feasibility and effectiveness, and it has a broad application prospect.

Flow is a new concept in modern TRIZ theory, and flow analysis is a tool for systematic analysis of problems based on flow formation. However, formal research is insufficient and is difficult to be applied to intelligent design. Based on the elementary theory of extenics, a formal research on flow and flow analysis is conducted. It takes the material flow in the technical system as the research object, and uses elementary and composite elements to formally express the objects, behaviors, functions and other elements involved in the flow. Based on the structure and other elements, the extension flow model is established, and then the beneficial flow or the harmful flow is identified according to the flow analysis method. Finally, taking a company’s charging power supply production process defect as an example, the method is used to establish an extension flow model and identify the beneficial flow and the harmful flow. This research lays a good foundation for further obtaining extension knowledge research to improve defect flow.

A lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aerial photography small target detection algorithm GA-YOLO based on YOLOv5 is proposed to address the problem of small target feature size, complex background, and dense distribution in images from the perspective of UAV aerial photography. This algorithm improves the Mosaic data augmentation method and overall network structure, and adds a small object detection head. At the same time, a lightweight global attention module and a parallel spatial channel attention mechanism module are designed to enhance the network's global feature extraction ability and the competition and cooperation between convolutional channels during the training process. Based on the 4.0 version of YOLOv5s, experiments were conducted on the publicly available drone aerial photography dataset VisDrone2019-DET. The results showed that the improved model reduced the number of parameters by 48% and the computational complexity by 26% compared to the original model, and mAP@0.5 improved by 4.9 percentage points, mAP@0.5 0.95 increased by 3.3 percentage points, effectively enhancing the detection capability of unmanned aerial vehicles for dense small targets from an aerial perspective.

CiteSpace is used to compare and analyze the knowledge atlas of Chinese and foreign periodicals, taking the BIM technology included in CNKI and Web of Science as the research sample. The results show that the application of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology in engineering cost has developed rapidly in recent years, and the research is divided into four stages: development stage, extension stage, transition stage and innovation stage. “Construction Engineering” and “Management” are the common research hot spots at home and abroad. The future trends abroad are “Sustainable Development” and “Periodic Evaluation”, while “Fine Management” and “Personnel Training” are the future research trends at home and abroad. Based on this, the representative BIM technology (Lu Ban software and Innovaya) at home and abroad is described in detail. The research results can be used for reference to understand the application of BIM technology in engineering cost.

In view of the relatively fixed general solution and standard solution of TRIZ substance field analysis in solving innovation problems, combined with the formalization and extension characteristics of element model, a substance field extension innovation method integrating element model and substance field analysis is proposed. Taking the general solution as an example, the basic element model and its extended analysis method of the substance field model and the general solution are established, the substance field extension solution process of the innovative problem is given, and the scope of the general solution to the problem is expanded. Finally, the forming element of oil-water annular flow is designed by using the material field extension innovation method. It proves that the material field extension innovation method is feasible to guide the product innovation design, and provides a reference for practical application.

Economic growth is one of the core content of economics research. While the speed of economic growth reflects the level of economic development of an area in a certain period, it's also used to measure overall speed of economic growth. In this research, extension catastrophe theory is used to study the evaluation of economic growth of all provinces in our country in 2016. From the view of economics, an evaluation index system of economic growth is established according to the principle, and the extension dependent function is set up on the basis of the characteristics of indexes to get the relating degree. Using the extension catastrophe progression method, the extension catastrophe value of indexes is obtained and converted to a comprehensive value. Finally, an analysis of the reasons of the ups and downs of economic growth is conducted and the feasibility and availability of this method is assessed with actual situation by means of the comprehensive assessment value of each provinces.

The method of transforming bridge is an effective method in Extenics used to solve antithetical problems. The study addresses the problem in the application of the transforming bridge, refines and improves the existing transforming bridge, optimizes the general steps, and applies it to the planning and design of a golf course to obtain a variety of effective design strategies. The further refinement of the transforming bridge will provide more specific methods for the solution of antithetical problems in various fields, and has very important application value for the formal and quantitative study of antithetical problems.

Currently, the amount of both information and knowledge is growing rapidly, and many problems faced by enterprises, organizations and individuals are characterized by non-linearity, high uncertainty and dynamism. Problems with relatively definite goals and domains and uncertain or insufficient boundary conditions leading to unclear problem expression and difficult goal achievement are called ill-defined problems. In this research, based on the method of constructing the extension model and solving the contradictory problem in Extenics, the method of constructing the initial extension model of the ill-defined problems and the method of solving the single-goal ill-defined problems are proposed by using the extensible analysis method and the extension transformation method. Finally, the feasibility of the method is demonstrated by a case study. Since this study applies a combination of formal and quantitative methods, it also lays the foundation for the intelligent solution of single-goal ill-defined problems and the study of multi-goal ill-defined problems.

Professor Cai Wen, a nationally renowned expert with outstanding contributions from Guangdong University of Technology, published a paper on Extension Set and non-compatible Problem in the Journal of Science Exploration in 1983, marking the birth of an original Chinese discipline called Extenics. Extenics is a kind of science that uses formal models to study the laws and methods of extension and transformation of things, and is used to achieve innovation and handle contradictory problems. The year 2023 marks the 40th anniversary of the establishment of Extenics. Through the joint efforts of numerous Extenics researchers, the theory and methodology of Extenics has been gradually improved, and has been widely applied in fields such as engineering technology, information science and intelligent science, management and economy, education and teaching, innovation and entrepreneurship, and has shown its important application value and effectiveness. This article summarizes the development process, research overview, internationalization and socialization of Extenics, and briefly introduces the scientific significance and academic evaluation of Extenics followed with the prospects for the future trends in the development of Extenics.

Under the background of national health care reform, the development of community hospitals has great social and economic values. By using the theories and methods of Extenics and the business model innovation, an extension form of business model is put forward and several innovation models obtained from the current situation of community hospitals and the clues of existing contradictions, and the best innovation model is chosen and then by using the extension evaluation method, an innovation scheme is put forward, which is to strengthen hospital publicity and establish a positive image of the hospital, improve the hospital service and promote the patient experiences, expand hospital health service as the health butler of residents, highlight the cooperation of superior hospitals and strengthen the hospital core resources. The extension innovation model of community hospitals is helpful to improve the operation environment and service function of primary medical institutions.

The transaction volume of cosmetics is surging, as e-commerce advances rapidly in the context of the Internet and big data, resulting in a large amount of packaging waste that is difficult to recycle. To address the contradictory issues between the high cost of recycling and processing and the low recycling value in the plastic recycling and processing system for cosmetic bottles, reducing the cost of recycling and processing to within target cost range, and improving recycling efficiency to promote the recycling of cosmetics bottles, this paper applies the first creating method to the design idea generation of a plastic recycling and processing system for cosmetics bottles. We first analyzed the unmet needs of the recycling party, established an Extenics model of the contradictory problem, and determined the functional affair-element, the property characteristic-element and the substantial characteristic-element of the recycling system. We then performed extensible analysis and extension transformation on the conjugate part, obtained multiple schemes, judged whether the contradictory problem was solved or not, and used the dependent function of superiority evaluation method to derive the optimal creativity and deepen it. Using the superiority evaluation method, it was calculated that creativity S ₃ has the highest degree of superiority, the actual cost of recycling and processing was lower than the target cost after the enterprise assessment, and the contradiction problem was solvedand the creativity has been adopted by the enterprise. Finally, we verify the validity of the application of the first creating method in the design of plastic recycling and processing system for cosmetic bottles.

The technology of adsorption/absorption atmospheric water harvesting is characterized by ease of operation, low energy consumption, and represents an effective measure to mitigate the scarcity of fresh water resources. A systematic review of recent research progress in this field is presented and an introduction is provided to the basic principles and main material categories of adsorption/absorption air water extraction technology, as well as a summary of the material placement structure, equipment operation mode, and application field of adsorption/absorption equipment. Adsorption/absorption materials include traditional porous structural materials, hygroscopic salts, and new organic air water intake materials. Currently, significant advancements have been made in enhancing the adsorption performance of materials, broadening their application scope, and reducing the energy consumption required for water absorption and release. Nevertheless, there are still challenges related to poor mechanical properties and incapability to be shaped into profiles for adsorption/absorption materials that necessitate further comprehensive investigation. The adsorption/absorption equipment can be utilized for air-water intake applications through various structural configurations, including flat placement, central axis placement, fold placement, etc. This equipment is capable of operating in either a daily cycle or multiple cycle mode. Apart from directly collecting liquid water, the adsorption/absorption atmospheric water harvesting equipment can also serve as an innovative solution for cultivating ecological farms, thereby offering potential strategies to mitigate regional freshwater resource scarcity and food shortages.

Since the concept of carbon neutrality was put forward, it has gradually become clear that technological progress in related fields is the fundamental measure to achieve this goal, both internationally and domestically. In this context, the latest progress and prospect of carbon neutrality technology in China is studied. The connotation of carbon neutrality technology is defined based on existing literature, representative carbon neutrality technology classifications and 14 key carbon neutrality technology fields sorted out, the domestic demand for carbon neutrality technology and technological paths summarized, the latest progress in carbon neutrality technology in key areas in China in recent years listed, and the current difficulties in the development of carbon neutrality technology in China discussed. Seven countermeasures and suggestions are proposed to further promote the development of carbon neutrality technology in China, including the development of multi-domain technology integration.

In order to improve the efficiency of producing new product ideas and the decision-making in evaluating and selecting the best solutions scientifically, the method of generating product design ideas is refined by integrating Extenics and TRIZ. Firstly, an extension model is established by using the basic element theory to obtain the starting point of product innovation, and then through the cross analysis of technical parameters, invention principles of TRIZ theory and extension analysis and extension transformation methods of Extenics, the specific creativity of the product is obtained. Finally, the evaluation and optimization of the obtained product creativity are carried out by using the optimization evaluation method, and the creativity that meets the needs is selected, and the innovative design scheme of the product is formed. Taking the design of mobile phone charger as an example, a lot of design ideas are obtained and the effectiveness of the refined method proved.

There are many factors involved in the evaluation of coal mine dust concentration, and the output evaluation results lack comprehensiveness when the single type of dust concentration is taken as the evaluation standard. In this research, a comprehensive evaluation method of coal mine dust concentration is established by using the superiority evaluation method in the extension innovation method, and the corresponding extension intelligent evaluation software is developed on the C++platform. First, many kinds of dust in the environment is analyzed, the data queried to determine the measurement indicators and the harmfulness of various kinds of dust, and the weight coefficient set, then an appropriate correlation function selected to calculate the degree of dust concentration in the environment meeting the requirements. Finally, a relatively comprehensive conclusion is obtained through the calculation and analysis of the comprehensive correlation function, by which the hazard of the coal mine dust concentration in a certain environment is comprehensively evaluated. The calculation and analysis process adopts the self-designed extension intelligent evaluation software of the coal mine dust concentration, which can intelligently output coping strategies according to the calculation results.

Considering comments' objectivity, subjectivity, the angle of time dimension and critics and network environment, combining with the elaboration likelihood model (ELM), a research is conducted into the center path of comments' quality and timeliness and the edge path of comment number, commenters' creditworthiness and influence of the network environment cognition on purchase decisions, and a theoretical model built and verified in order to enrich the mechanism of online reviews on purchasing decision. A questionnaire survey is used to collect data, and SPSS22.0 software used to analyze the questionnaire data so that the main effect of online comments on purchase decisions, mediating effect of the trust tendency and comments' credibility can be tested. The results indicate that the comments' timeliness, number and commenters' creditworthiness positively affect customers' purchase decisions through comments credibility, and that the trust tendency will adjust the consumers' credibility perception of the high quality review. High trust tendencies can regulate consumers' perception of the credibility of different quality reviews, and high trust tendencies also have a higher perception of the credibility of high quality reviews.

In order to clearly quantify and evaluate the complex issues in the interior design of self-driving car, and improve design efficiency, extension is applied to the interior design of self-driving car, and the definition of interior design problems proposed for self-driving car methods, conjugate analysis, generating algorithm and constructing an evaluation index system for the interior design of unmanned vehicles. Taking the self-driving car interior design based on the 2030 90s parents, children and pet dogs traveling together in the suburbs as an example, through the self-driving car interior design scheme generation algorithm based on the extension theory, three effective designs of creativity are first obtained, and the designs expressed to make them concrete into a design plan, and a goodness evaluation finally performed to obtain the optimal plan. The design results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.

Extension creation method is an important product innovation method, but there may be some deficiencies in the development path. Th third creation method is taken as the research object, the evolution tree of TRIZ theory introduced as the route of primitive expansion, the evolution tree of primitive expansion constructed, and the product shortcomings of integrating system level and time enumerated, and the specific cases in the socket innovation given. The improved creation method has clear shortcomings of mining and factor expansion path, thus reducing the confusion when expanding and improving the efficiency of expansion.

The related literature of TRIZ from 2000 to 2019 is collected by CNKI as the research object, and the research status and evolution trend of TRIZ in China is analyzed by bibliometric method. With the help of CiteSpace visualization tool, the knowledge map is displayed, and the descriptive statistical characteristics, hot spots and evolution trend of the research field are analyzed. It is found that although TRIZ research in China started late, it has developed rapidly. From 2000 to 2019, it has experienced two stages: in-depth research and horizontal development. Based on the traditional application of TRIZ, the hot spots of TRIZ in China has gradually extended to non-engineering technology fields such as service innovation and knowledge innovation, and gradually integrated with new technologies. The future research trend will continue to deepen the application of TRIZ in non-engineering fields, and promote its software, intelligent and concise application mode, and further expand its application field and scope.

With the development of deep learning methods, the accuracy and speed of face recognition based on visible light in ideal environments have reached an excellent level. However, in complex environments such as low light, the lack of a light source keeps visible images from reflecting face details, resulting in reduced or even invalid face recognition. Aiming at the problems in this issue, a face recognition method in complex environments based on infrared-visible light fusion is proposed. Firstly, an infrared and visible fusion recognition network combining CNN and Transformer is introduced, specifically designed for low illumination environments. This network combines CNN and visual Transformer in parallel to form a single-mode feature fusion module, which is utilized to effectively utilize local details and global context information from the source image. Additionally, a multimodal feature fusion strategy based on the average difference of modes is proposed to enhance the distinctive expression of different regional features in the source image. Secondly, a lightweight face recognition network MobileFaceNet-Coo and an adaptive recognition strategy based on edge-cloud collaboration are proposed in order to solve the problem of large and slow fusion recognition network models in practical applications. This strategy selects the recognition model through image quality and effectively utilizes hardware resources. Experimental results demonstrate that the recognition rate of fused infrared light is 13.96 percentage point higher than that of visible light alone. Real-world project result shows that this method significantly improves real-time and accuracy of face recognition in complex environments.

In this paper, a circumvention design method which taking patent group as target, function requirement as the basis for circumvention and the extension theory as the theoretical tool was proposed. Firstly, online product reviews were used as requirement acquisition resources, which were transformed into several functional requirements by using natural language processing technology and extension primitive model. Secondly, the target patent group was researched by the keywords from the online reviews and IPC classification code, then the patent group function model was built by analyzing each patent text. Thirdly, the obtained function requirements were matched with the patent group function model to confirm the contents in patent group function model to be circumvented. Fourthly, the function requirements were guided by the extension analysis as the path for circumvention analysis, and the extension transformation was used to express the circumvention solution operation, then the new scheme was determined whether exists the technical features of infringement. Finally, a medicine storage box patent group was taken as case study to confirm the feasibility of the above process of patent group circumvention design. Taking functional requirements as the basis for circumvention can help reduce the influence of subjective judgment in confirming the content to be circumvented in the process of patent group circumvention, and at the same time ensure that the subsequent circumvention solution is carried out in the direction of satisfying users’ function requirements.

Domination on graphs is an important part in Graph Theory. According to different practical application backgrounds, many kinds of domination are presented. Italian domination is a new kind of domination on graphs. To determine the Italian domination number of a graph is a non-deterministic polynomial problem (i.e. NP-hard problem) . In this research, the decomposition and combination chain method in extenics is used to prove that the lower bound of the Italian domination number of a graph is equal to the upper bound, so that the Italian domination number can be determined. The method has good portability and can be used to determine different domination numbers of various graphs.

In order to meet the demand of innovative design for desktop multiplication, an innovative design method integrating TRIZ(the solution theory of invention problem) and Extenics is proposed. Firstly, the contradiction problem in the innovative design is analyzed by using the extenics contradiction method, then the contradictory parameters are standardized, the TRIZ contradiction matrix is searched, the appropriate invention principle is selected to establish the feasible solution, the extenics transformation is implemented, and the innovative design scheme is obtained, according to the superiority evaluation method. Through the combination of crank-slider mechanism and crank-connecting rod mechanism, the contradiction of doubling the desktop area and keeping the desktop shape unchanged is solved. Finally, the specific mechanism design is expanded and analyzed, and the square table design scheme with variable area is established.

To improve the real-time performance of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) intra-frame encoding, a method, which utilizes a lightweight convolutional network with even-length and step-size convolutional kernels and a self-attention mechanism, is proposed to predict the intra-frame partitioning structure of Coding Tree Units(CTU) , thereby reducing the encoding time required for the encoder to perform quadtree recursive traversal partitioning on CTUs. In the original encoding strategy, Rough Mode Decision accelerates the process by estimating the rate-distortion loss value in Rate Distortion Optimization based on the Sum of Absolute Transformed Difference (SATD) -based loss value, but it still consumes a certain amount of encoding time. A proposed method reduces the number of patterns calculated in the Rough Mode Decision process through a sampling search approach, reducing the number of patterns from 35 to 18, and decreasing the time required to estimate the loss value during the Rough Mode Decision process. The more favorable multiple candidate intra-frame modes obtained from the Rough Mode Decision process are used for Rate Distortion Optimization. In order to reduce the number of candidate modes that need to be calculated in Rate Distortion Optimization, an early stopping decision is implemented by filtering out some less likely candidate modes based on the differences in the estimated loss values of the intra-frame prediction angle modes in the candidate mode list, thus reducing the number of candidate modes that need to be evaluated in Rate Distortion Optimization and consequently decreasing the computation time of the Rate Distortion Optimization process. The proposed algorithm achieves an average encoding time reduction of 78.15% on the test sequences, with a BD-PSNR of -0.168dB and a BD-RATE of 3.49%.

With the development of society, the traditional residential building form has gradually failed to meet the needs of modern people’s life, which urgently needs to be updated and developed. At the same time, there are many practices in the transformation of traditional dwellings. However, there are also many problems in the transformation. For example, the innovation of architectural design is insufficient, the transformed buildings cannot be integrated into the regional architectural environment, and the traditional construction skills are missing, and so on. Therefore, traditional residential transformation strategy needs more rigorous generation process. The basic idea of Extenics is to use formal methods to deal with contradictions in various fields, which is very suitable as a tool for scientific analysis of contradictions and feasible strategies in the practice of residential transformation. Baoshui Village is taken as an example, the problem model established based on Extenics, the objectives and conditions analyzed, the contradiction solved through the extension transformation method, the strategy generated, and finally excellent standard evaluating method used to obtain the optimal strategy. The generation process of extension strategy for rural residential transformation is explored. On the one hand, it can provide a reference for the formalization of the practice process of rural residential transformation in the future, and on the other hand, it can make the culture of traditional rural residential continue and regenerate.

By applying the Extenics Conjugate Theory into the analysis of patent resources, a study is conducted on issues including the materiality of the virtual and the real, the systematic property of the soft and the hard, the dynamic nature of the covert and the overt, and the contrariness of the negative versus the positive. The analysis method of Extenics conjugate theory is adopted to study the conjugate relation between the patent and stuff, and to solve various contradictory problems of patent creation, protection and application. It contributes a lot to the creation of the social and economic value of patents through the application of the Extenics Conjugate Theory for wide and deep resources analysis of patents, for the warning of potential risks and hidden dangers, for proper patent layout in domestic and worldwide market, and for the future development by high breadth patent navigation.

“Thriving business” is the focus and the economic foundation of rural revitalization, and the premise of solving all rural problems. In order to solve the talent constraints caused by the shortage of high-quality farmers in rural vitalization, this study reviews the existing literature on the new professional farmers cultivation, conducts in-depth interviews with government staffs responsible for the cultivation of new professional farmers, and based on the literature review and interviews, forms the questionnaire of the supply and demand of the new professional farmers cultivation, clarifying the contradictory problems of cultivation scale and contents of new professional farmers through the questionnaire survey. Based on extension theory, this study establishes the extension model of contradictory problems, solves the contradictory problems through extension transformation, and finally forms a new professional farmers’ cultivation supply model. This study can effectively improve the cultivation efficiency of new professional farmers and promote the effective implementation of rural industry prosperity.

Due to the lack of logic systems and methods to improve the production process in lean production, it is difficult to consider the problem systematically, comprehensively and innovatively. The conjugate pair analysis in the extension innovation is used to comprehensively analyze the contradictions encountered in the lean production process, so as to solve the contradictory problems more effectively. Taking the problems encountered in lean production as examples, the method of extenics is used to formalize and quantify the goals and problems, and the optimal solution is obtained by extension innovation. From the examples, it can be found that the contradictions encountered in lean production are effectively solved by conjugate analysis, and the production process is greatly optimized.

Rural tourism is an important way to carry out the strategy of promoting rural development. The accessibility of rural tourist destinations is an important factor affecting the development of rural tourism. At present, inadequate supply of rural tourist public transport services has become one of the major bottlenecks constraining the development of rural tourism. The contradictory issues in rural tourist public transport services supply and demand are analyzed, based on constructing the basic database of the rural tourist public transport service supply model, with contradictory issues identified, contradictions through the extension transformation resolved, and finally new modes formulated. The rural tourist public transport service supply mode is of great significance in promoting the rapid development of rural tourism.

The behavior of mechanical motion system is a bridge connecting function and structure. The study of behavior knowledge representation can help designers to gain a deeper understanding of design problems. Aiming at the dynamic process of mechanical motion system behavior, the knowledge representation of mechanical motion system behavior is studied by using affair-element theory and knowledge representation method in Extenics. Based on dynamic affair-element model and extensible rules of mechanical behaviors in the process of the system realization function between the causal relationship, temporal relation, circuit and state relations, the knowledge and the behavior of each function for mechanical products are analyzed, which can create a basis for improving the level of intelligent design of mechanical and electronic products.

The Internet has become an important way of obtaining information, but it is still difficult to provide aids to problem solving. Problem solving oriented knowledge searching in the Internet has not been solved thoroughly. The key factor is the reconstruction of web information. The combination of network and intelligence will bring the knowledge-based application of web information into a new stage. A cross-study is proposed on the novel hybrid method of extracting the objects, attributes, and values from the mass information of internet with simulation and automatically building the field basic elements on macro information based on Extenics, factor space theory and intelligent knowledge. In addition, a lot of future research directions are put forward, such as on intelligent algorithm which collects correlative factors of special problem from the field of information for acquiring domain knowledge. The research may provide theoretical basis and new methods for using the internet to generate the innovative strategy of problem solving and examine a new generation of problem-solving oriented knowledge search engine.

Based on the comparison and analysis of TRIZ theory and Extenics in solving contradiction, a new innovative method that combines the Extenics and TRIZ is proposed. Firstly, the primitive model of Extenics is used to analyze the conflict of the problem. Secondly, the extension analysis is used to initially explore solution. If the analysis is successful, the possible solutions are obtained by further extension transformation. If the analysis is difficult, the TRIZ theory will be introduced to make solution prediction, and the possible solutions can be achieved by extension transformation based on the guidance of TRIZ principle. Finally, the ideal solution about the problem is obtained by the application of advantageous evaluation method of Extenics. According to the new method, the structure of the grinding equipment is improved, which demonstrates that the fusion mechanism of TRIZ and Extenics can improve the efficiency of solving the problem and obtain an ideal solution.

To study the representation, analysis and processing of system fault evolution process (SFEP), the extension theory is proposed, using intelligent theory and meeting the analysis requirements of system function state. Firstly, the possibility of the combination of system function state and extension theory is discussed. Secondly, the extension representation of SFEP is studied, and the basic unit of SFEP is determined, which is cause event-transfer condition-result event. It is considered that the event is a compound action element of the action element and matter element, and the transfer is a compound relation element of the relation element and the above two compound action elements, which is called the transfer element. Finally, the divergence, correlation, implication and expansibility of the transfer element are studied, and the effect of the method on the analysis of SFEP is explained. The research is the beginning of studying SFEP through extension theory, which provides intelligent analysis method and basic theory for grasping system reliability and failure, i.e. system function state.

To address the problems of camouflage and real-time detection of the traditional Android malware detection methods, a new Android malware detection method based on heterogeneous information networks is proposed. By modeling the Android entities and relationships nodes and edges, respectively, in a heterogeneous information network, two network representation learning models are designed, including the meta-structure attention network representation learning and the incremental learning models. First, the meta-structure attention network representation learning model is used for intra-sample node embedding, and the embedded nodes and labels are input to a deep neural network for training. Then, the incremental learning model is used for learning the extra-sample node embeddings. The top-k algorithm is used to aggregate neighboring nodes within the heterogeneous information network, and the embedded node to be detected is input to the trained deep neural network for detection. Experimental results show that the F ₁ value of the proposed method is 97.5%, the accuracy rate is 96.7%, and the average detection time is 3.7 ms, which are better than the existing methods, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method for dealing with Android malware camouflage and for real-time Android malware detection.